Photo

Interview #

Type

Science Name

Quechua Name according to specified source < >

Quechua Name according to Marieta Romero Alvarez <MRA>

Spanish Name

English Name

PMP page

Scientific Name

Scientific Name Synonyms

Family

Scientific Name Source

Parts Used

Qual-ity

Principal Comment

Comment 2

8, 11, 12

bot

Vs2

achanqaray <ALX><RBD><PMP>; achankaray<RBD>;achanqaire<PMP>;achanqharai<PTP>

achanqaray{#8,11,12}; achanqayra{#8}{syn}

begonia <RBD>

begonia <ALX><RBD>

297-299

{#0 Begonia spp.; {#1} Begonia veitchii Hook.f.<cWF><cPL><CAA><JPT><PTP><CAA>; {#2} Begonia pleiopetala A.DC<cWF><PMP>;
{#3} Begonia clarkei Hook.f.<cWF><ECP>

{#2} Begonia pleiopetala A.DC.<cPL><PMP>

Begoniaceae

<RBD>

Photo matches B. veitchii ; produces a red dye; root used <RBD>.

bot

achijway{#7)

Possible spellings; “yachijway”, “achijhau”, “achikway”, “achij” = (something to do with wind?)

1, 9, 10

bot

achiote <PMP>

achote, hojas de{#1,9,10} [achote = achiote]

302-305

{#1} Bixa orellana L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><PAP><CAP><PAA><DHL><JAA><TMP><PMD><ICC><UNT><CFP><UPM><EKQ><PMN><MAP><PFW><DPP><JDA><JHP><JTX><EEE><AMP><WCC><WMP>

Bixaceae

leaves = 1,9,10

Medicinal <PMP>; "achiote" is more common than "achote" (which may be a misspelling).

2, 4, 8, 9, 14

bot

Vg7s8

achicoria <PMP>

achicoria{#2,4,8,9,14}<MRA> {syn}diente de león{#8,14}<MRA>

299-302

{#1} Picrosia longifolia D. Don<cWF><PAA><PMN><PFW><CO1><CO2><DPP><JHP><JPR><AMP>;{#2} Cichorium intybus L.<cWF><MTP><CAP><PMD><EMP>; {#3} Cichorium endivia L.<cWF><CAP>; {#4} Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund<CWF><PEC><MTP><JDA>: {#5} Sonchus asper (L.) Hill<cWF><CAP>; {#6} Plantago barbata<cWF><ERC-N-Peru>; {#7} Crepis albida Vill.<cWF><JMM>; {#8} Werneria nubigena Kunth<cWF><PSP>

{#4-syn} Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg<cWFL><PEC>: {#5-syn} Sonchus oleraceus Wall.<cWF><CAP>; {#7-syn} Hypochaeris taraxacoides Pourr. ex Steud.<cWF><JMM>;

Asteraceae (Compositae)

See medicinal <PMP>; leaves similar to dandelion.

3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

bot

Vg2s3

ajenjo{3,12,13,14,15,16} <MRA>

wormwood

78, 131, 156, 169, 264, 266

{#1} Artemisia absinthium L.<cWF><PMP><DPP><ERC><JHC><JRP><JTR><PSP><ECP><EMP><ICC><WMC><WVP>; {#2} Artemisia sodiroi Hieron. ex Sodiro<cWF><ICC>; {#3} Ambrosia psilostachya DC.<cWF><DPP><JAA><JBS><JPR><JRH><JTR>;

{#3-syn} Ambrosia peruviana DC.<cWF><DPP><JAA><JBS><JPR><JRH><JTR>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

6, 9, 16

bot

ahus <ALX><RBD>

ajo{#6,9,16}<MRA>

garlic

78, 143, 156, 264. 266

{#1} Alium sativum L.<cWF><PMP><CAP><PFW><PAA>

Amaryllidaceae

Many references found using DocFetcher software.

bot

awaymantu <ALX><RBD>; llumantu, aguaillumantu <PMP>

aguaymantu{#12}

aguaymanto

goldenberry; peruvian gooseberry

78, 151 ,266, 309, 311

{#1} Physalis peruviana L.<cWF><cPL><CFP><EKQ><PMP><JBC><DHL><JHP><AMP><UNT>

Solanaceae

bot

alwa<ALX><DICT>bot; ;akfar, alfa-alfa <PMP>

alwa

alfalfa<MRA>

alfalfa

317

{#1} Medicago sativa L.<cWF><cPL><RBD><PMP>

Fabaceae

See uses <RBD><PMP>.

3, 16

bot

alcanfor{#3,16}<MRA> {syn}alcanfor<TURING>; {syn}alcanforero<EMP>

{#1} Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl<cWF><cPL><EMP>

Lauraceae

Available as an essential oil commercially. Introduced tree.

bot

alhucema{#7)<MRA>

lavender <GOO>

{#1} Lavandula angustifolia Mill.<cWF><cPL><NPM><JBS><JTR><JPR><PFW><PAA>

Lamiaceae

2, 6, 8, 11, 14

bot

alqo kiska, espina de perro, anuch’api, hierba de alonso <PMP>; allqu kichka<WIK>

alqo kiska{#2,6,8,11,14}

{syn}amor seco{#11}<MRA>; amor seco; espino de perro<PMP>

cocklebur

327-330

{#1} Xanthium catharticum Kunth<cWF><cPL><PMP>; {#2} Xanthium spinosum L. <cWF><JMM>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

leaves, plant (not roots)

See photo at https://tinyurl.com/y6ndz6xm and match with Peru photo.

bot

Vg4s4*?

auja-auja<PMP>

{syn}amor seco{#11}<MRA>

83, 138, 201, 372 also 715-719

{#1} Bidens pilosa L.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PMN><MAP><PFW><CAP><DHL><DPP><JAC><JCD><JDA><JGM><JTX><PSP><PMD><AMP><UNT><WCC>; {#2} Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC.<cWF><JHC><PAP><CAP><DHL><RTP>; {#3} Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér.<cWF><PMP>; {#4} Xanthium spinosum L.<cPL><cWF><PMT><DHL>:

{#1,2} Asteraceae (Compositae); {#3} Fabaceae

"amor seco" can refer to 4 other different species. < See interview #11 where <MRA> says “alqo kisko” and “amor seco” are the same, but not sure these are the same.

6, 7

bot

k'ita anís<PMP>

pampa anis{#6}

{syn}anís silvestre = pampa anís {#7}; anis en grano{#7}<MRA>

dwarf marigold<DHL>

614-616, 765-766

{#0} Tagetes sp. (#1} Tagetes pusilla Kunth<cWF><cPL><DHL><PMP><PTP><PMT-species><AMP-species>: {#2} Tagetes praetermissa (Strother) H.Rob.<cWF><ECP>

{#1-syn} Tagetes pusilla Kunth<cWF><cPL><DHL><PMP><PTP><PMT-species><AMP-species>; {#2-syn} Vilobia praetermissa Strother<cWF><ECP>

{#1} Asteraceae (Compositae); {#2} Apiaceae

{#1} = “pampa anis” {#2} = “anis silvestre” {#1} more plausible (see photo = Tagetes); species also called “anis de la sierra”.

1, 5, 6

bot

apio <PMP>raqacha <ALX><RBD> (name for carrot)

apio{#1,5,6}<MRA>

celery-like

357-359

{#1} Apium graveolens L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><CAP><JAC><JBS><JDA><JEP><JHU><JMM><JPR><JSR><JTR><JTX><CPM><EMP>

Apiaceae

8, 11

bot

Vg3s6

maich’a <PMP>; maych'a <ALX><RBD>

árnica{#8,11}<MRA>

arnica

668-671

{#0} Senecio spp.; {#1} Arnica montana L.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PFW><PMP><JBS><JTR><EMP>; {#2} Senecio otuscensis Cabrera<cWF><PAA><CAP>; {#3} Senecio pseudotites Griseb.<cWF><PFW><CAP><JAA><JMF>; {$4} Senecio rudbeckiifolius Meyen & Walp.<cWF><PMP><CPM>; {#5} Senecio richii A.Gray<cWF><WMP>; {#6} Achyrocline alata (Kunth) DC.<cWF><APP><JPT>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

bot

arrus <ALX><RBD>

arroz{#11}<MRA>

rice

82, 139, 157, 236, 267

{#1} Oryza sativa L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><PFW><CAP><DPP>

Poaceae (Gramineae)

See uses <RBD>.

7, 15

bot

?g1s2

aya qarqo{#7}; ayaqarqu{#1,15}

tobacco?

948-950

{#1} Nicotiana rustica L.<cWF><?-photo> {?} Nicotiana glauca Graham<<cWF><cPL><PMP><DICT><?photo>

Solanaceae

Compare web photos - too wide at base and not smooth: Runi Simi dictionary” qarqo.- s. Expulsión, desalojo. Sinón: wikch'u. Pe.Aya: wischu, jarju. Pe.Jun: qalqa. Pe.S.Mar: wishchu; “aya” might mean power or spirit? or corpse?

Photos – leaf edges of tobacco are entire, not so much in photo. N. glauca has lanceolate leaves. More probable N. rustica.

bot

aya t’ika{#10}

"t'ika" = flowers or wild “aya” = muerto, cadaver, spirit: “tika” = Clot, fat, liquid sebum that when cooled solidifies. Molded and then hardened pasty substance, such as adobe, brick, tile, etc.

6, 15

bot

alaya{#6,15}

“Ayala” is a common surname in Peru?

bot

aya kulis{#16}

{"kulis" from Quechua} = col, repollo

cabbage

87,136, 156, 236, 267

{#1} Brassica oleracea L..<cWF><cLP><DICT>57p<DICT-HTM><DICT-XLS> {#2} Brassica oleraceae var capitata

"kulis" = col (cabbage) ; “repollo” (cabbage)<DICT>; broccoli, kale, collards.

bot

ayrampu <ALX><PMP> aryanpu <RBD>

ayrampo{#2} {syn}ayrampu

83, 130, 210, 384-385

{#1}Tunilla soehrensii (Britton & Rose) D.R. Hunt & Iliff<cWF><cPL><PMP><CPM><DICT>57p<DICT>298p<DICT>479p<DICT-HTM>

{#1-syn} Opuntia soehrensii Britton & Rose <cWF><PMP><CPM><RBD> (2?) Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.<cPL>

Cactaceae

fruit, cultivated for seeds

Small cactus red fruit used as a dye to color drinks. <RBD>

bot

mullaca See https://elocuencia.org/mullaca-propiedades-medicinales-contraindicaciones/

726-729

{#1}Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl.<cWF><JMM><JQP><CPM><EBO><PMD><APP><PMA><AMP><UNT><WMP><PMP>; {#2}Gaultheria erecta Vent.<cWF><PAA><PFW><JAA><JPR><JTX>; {#3}Gaultheria myrsinoides Kunth <cWF><PMN><MPL><UNT>; {#4} Physalis angulata L.<cWF><PAP><DHL><DPP><WCC>;

{#2-syn>Pernettya prostrata (Cav.) DC.<cWF><PMN><UNT><MPL>

{#1} Poygonaceae; {#2,3} Ericaceae; {#4} Solanaceae;

"asma" = "asthma"<DICT>; “mullaka”: s.(bot) "mullaca (planta enredadera de terreno húmedo cuyos tallos sirven como soguilla, sus frutos pequeños, morados, dulces y un poco ácidos curan el escorbuto.

“mullaca” refers to more than 6 species in <CAP>, <DPP> & <JSS>

3, 8

bot

balsamu<RBD><DICT><AULEX>kina kina, quina quina<PFW>

balsamo{#3}, balsamo de buda{#8}<MRA>

{#1} Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms<cWF><cPL><CAP><DHL><DPP><WMP>

Fabaceae

See various medical uses in <RBD>..

7, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16

bot

Vg2s2

ch'inkil (watercress) <RBD>; oqhururu<PMT>

berro{#14}, berros{#7,9,12,13,16}<MRA>; berro de agua

watercress

385-388

{#1} Nasturtium officinale R.Br.<cWF><cPL><PEC><PMN><PFW><PMP><JRP><CPM><EMP><MPL><AMP><UNT><WMC><Y-photo#687-689-white flowered>; [#2} Erythranthe glabrata (Kunth) G.L.Nesom <cWF> (re-classified in 2012 from Mimulus glabratus)

{#1-syn} Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek<cWF><PAA><PFW><Y-photo#687-689-white flowered>; {#2-syn} Mimulus glabratus Kunth<cWF><PEC><PMT><PMP><ERC><JHC><UNT><Y-photo#684-686-yellow flowered>

{#1} Brassicacea; {#2} Phrymaceae

{#1} N. officinalis = “berro blanco”<PEC> & “oqoruru” – see comments <PMP> {#2} Mimulus glabratus = “berro amarillo”<PEC>.

<PMP> Notes: Acá tenemos un caso interesante. Roríppa ncisturtíum aquaOcum y Mimulus grabratus también se distinguen con los nombres de berro de flor blanca y berro de flor amarilla. La clasificación en macho y hembra tiene que ver directamente con esto. La flor amarilla se ve como más fuerte frente a la blanca y además el tamaño es más grande. Esto hace que le llamen también berro macho. Mimulus glabratus crece más en las alturas y generalmente se le conoce con el nombre oqoruro.

9, 10, 14, 15, 16

bot

kachipurawa <RBD> borraja, borragassa, borrachis <PMP>

borraja{#9,10,14}; borrajas#15,16}

borraja

395-398

{#1} Borago officinalis L.<cWF><cPL><PEC><PAA><POL><PFW><PMP><CO1><CO2><DPP><JAA><JAC><JBS><JGM><JHC><JPR><JQP><JTR><JTX><PSP><PMD><EMP><ICC><WHA><WMC><WVP>

Boraginaceae

leaves, branches, whole plant

bot

betarraga <PMP>

betarraga{#8} = remolacha{#8}<MRA>

beet

389-390

{#1} Beta vulgaris L. <cWF><cPL><PMP><CPM><AMP><PP3>

Amaranthaceae (Chenopodiaceae)

leaves

bot

calabaza <PMP>

calabaza de culebra<{#7}<MRA>

snake gourd

404-405

{#1} Trichosanthes cucumerina L.<cWF>; {#2-?} Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché<<cWF>cPL><PMP>

Cucurbitaceae

fruit

See for ID http://medplants.blogspot.com/2012/08/trichosanthes-cucumerina-chichinda.html

bot

q'illu t'ika <ALX><WRU><RBD> uchuq'aspa <ALX> sunchu t'ika, uchu-uchu, q'ori sunchu <PMP>

caléndula{#14}<MRA>, maravilla, mercadela et al <PMP>

calendula

405-408

{#1} Calendula officinalis L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><PMT><IES><PTP><ECP><EBO><EMP><ICC><WVP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

flower petals

bot

Vs3

cámcer quora <PMC> <PMP> lossa-lossa <PMP>

cáncer q’ora

hierba de cáncer{#16}<MRA>

162, 182, 238, 561-563, 652, 1011-1012

{#0} Stachys spp.; {#1} Stachys herrerae Epling<cWF><PMP><JMM><PTP><NPM><Y-photo-?>; {#2} Stachys bogotensis Kunth<cWF><PMP><MPL?>; {#3} Stachys pusilla (Wedd.) Briq.<cWF><PMP><EBO><?-photo>; {#4} Guilleminea densa (Willd. ex Schult.) Moq.<cWF><cPL><PMP><N-photo>;

{#1,2,3} Lamiaceae; {#4} Amaranthaceae

May also refer to Stachys herrerae or S. bogotensis <PMP> See comment.

<PMP>p238 Stachys herrerae con nombre común de “asnaq” “verbena” o “hierba de cáncer”.

bot

Vg4s

caña-caña <PMP>

caña caña{#12}

85, 155, 182, 410-411

{#0} Costus spp.; {#1} Costus acreanus (Loes.) Maas<cWF><EKQ><PMP-species>; {#2} Costus productus Gleason ex Maas<cWF><DPP>; {#3} Costus guanaiensis Rusby<cWF><DPP>; {#4} Costus scaber Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><EEE>

{#1-syn} Lycaste gigantea Lindl.<cWF><PAA><POL><PFW><CAP>

Costaceae

stem <PMP>

F<PMP>

See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mK6_kcc9fvs for 48 Costus species

bot

misk'i wiru <RBD> wiru <ALX> miski wiru <PMP> <et al. @ PMP>

caña de azucar{#12}<MRA>

sugarcane

413-414

{#1} Saccharum officinarum L.<cWF><cPL><RBD><PAA><PMP><JRH>

Poaceae (Gramineae)

leaf <PMP>

See other common names in PMP.

11, 13

bot

ispinku <RBD>; canela (k’ita canela){source?}; kanila sach’a <glosbe.com>

canela{#11,13}<MRA>

wild cinnamon, cinnamon

408-410

{#1} Cinnamomum verum J.Presl<cWF><cPL><PAA><PFW><PMP><JAC><JBS><JHP><JPR><JTR><JTX>

{#1-syn} Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume<cWF><cPL><ICC>

Lauraceae

See <DPP> for other species in Lauraceae.

14, 15

bot

Vs2

wayta <RBD> (bot – not specific to bot)

clavel, flor de{#14}: clavel{#15}<MRA>

canation

432-433

{#1} Dianthus caryophyllus L.<cWF><cPL><JBS><JDA><JGM><JTR><NPM>; {#2} Dianthus barbatus L.<cWF><ECP><EMP>

Caryophyllaceae

flowers = 14

bot

quantu, qantuta, qantutu, qelmu <PMP>; candu<PAA><CFF>

chimpu{#10} = talapay{#10}

836-839

{#1} Cantua buxifolia Juss. ex Lam. <cWF><cPL><PAA><CFP><PEC><PFW><CAP><PMP><JQP><JTR><JTX><PTP><ECP><EBO><APP><Y-photo>

Polemoniaceae

Search terms: “candu”<PAA><CAP><PFW><JTR><JMM><JBS>; “cantuta” <JQP><JMM><APP><CFP><PEC>; “kantu” <PTP><EBO>; ‘qantu” <ECP>

5, 6, 9

bot

sibulla <ALX>

cebolla{#5,6,9}<MRA>

onion

86, 143, 156, 265, 267

{#1} Allium cepa L.<cWF><cPL><POL><EKQ><PFW><HSE><CAP><PMP><DPP><JDA><CPM><ARE><PMD><EMP><ICC><PMA>; {#2} Allium ramosum L.<cWF>PAA><JPR><JBS><JTR>

{#2-syn} Allium odorum L<cWF><PAA><JBS><JPR><JTR>

Amaryllidaceae

10, 15

bot

Vg4s6

cedrong < PMP> sidrun <ALX><RBD>

cedroncillo{#10,15}<MRA>, cedrón

426-428

{#0} Aloysia spp.; {#1} Aloysia citriodora Palau <cWF><EKQ><PMP><PP2><JBS><JGM><JTR>: {#2} Aloysia fiebrigii (Hayek) Moldenke<cWF><PTP>; {#3} Aloysia scorodonioides (Kunth) Cham.<cWF><CPM><ECP>; {#4} Lippia integrifolia (Griseb.) Hieron.<cWF><PMP>; {#5} Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf<cWF><JAA><DPP><JCD><JPR>; {#6} Baccharis salicina Torr. & A.Gray<cWF><JTX>

{#1-syn} Aloysia triphylla (L'Hér.) Britton<cWF><EKQ><PMP><PP2><JBS><JGM><JTR>; {#2-syn} Aloysia herrerae Moldenke<cWF><PTP><PMP>; {#4-syn} Lippia boliviana Rusby<cWF><PMP>{#6-syn} Baccharis salicifolia Nutt.<cWF><JTX>

{#1,2,3,4} Verbenaceae; {#5} Poaceae (Gramineae); {#6} Asteraceae (Compositae)

See PMP re other species of Lippia used.

2, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13

bot

siwara <ALX><RBD>

cevada tostada{#2,7,8,9,11,} = cebada tostada; cevada{sic}{#12,13}<MRA>

barley <ALX>

86, 139, 156, 240, 265

{#1} Hordeum vulgare L.<cWF><cPL><PAA><POL><PMT><PFW><HSE><CAP><PMP><JAA><JDA><JHC><JHP><CPM><ARE><NPM><ECP><EMP><ICC><PQC>

Poaceae (Gramineae)

7, 15

bot

Vg2s2

chachakuma <ALX><RBD> chachakoma <PMP>

chachacoma{#7,15}

448-453

{#1} Escallonia resinosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.<cWF><cPL><PMN><EBO><IAP><UNT>; {#2} Escallonia micrantha Mattf.<cWF><cPL><PMN><UNT<TML>; {#3} Senecio nutans Sch.Bip.<cWF><cPL><PMP><ERC>;

{#3-syn} Senecio graveolens Wedd.<cWF><cPL><PMP><ERC>

{#1} Escalloniaceae ;{#2 Compositae

(1) ashes, branch, (2) leaf, stem

C,C

See PMP, two species are listed pp 448-451; pp 451-453, one is a bush, other a tree.

bot

chaman <PMP>

chamana{#15}; chaman

454-457

{#1} Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. <cWF><cPL><EKQ><PMN><POL><CAP><PMP><GIP><PTP><APP><ICC><AMP><UNT><Y-photo><Y-lens>

Sapindaceae

branches

See PMP for other names.

bot

Vs3

chamqarumi <ALX><RBD>

chanca piedra{#7}<MRA>

stone breaker

{#0} Phyllanthus spp.;. {#1} Phyllanthus niruri L.<cWF><cPL><PAA><EKQ><PFW><PAP><CAP><DHL><DPP><JAA><JGM><~JHU><JMM><JPP><JTX><EEE><WMP>; {#2} Phyllanthus urinaria L.<cWF><PAA><EKQ><MAP><DPP><JAA><JDA><~JHU><WCC>; {#3} Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) G.L.Webster<cWF><PAA><EKQ><DPP><~JHU>;

Phyllanthaceae

11, 14

bot

michi-michi <ALX><RBD> <PMP>; mich'u mich'u<DICT>Cusco

michi-michi{#16}, chankalawa{#11,14} = piki pichana{#11,14}

713-714

{#1} Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell.<cWF><JPT><photo>; {#2} Mastigostyla cyrtophylla I.M.Johnst.<cWF><cPL><cWF><PMP><N-photo>;

{#2-syn} Cypella cyrtophylla (I.M.Johnst.) Diels<cWF><cWF><cPL><PMP><N-photo>

{#1} Compositae; {#2} Iridaceae

Name piki-pichana matches photo best. See following https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schkuhria_pinnata & https://identify.plantnet.org/weurope/species/Schkuhria%20pinnata%20(Lam.)%20Kuntze/data

5, 14

bot

chiikmu, layo <PMP>; chikmu; chicmu<PTP>

chikmo{#5}, chijmo{#14} syn=chikmu

Aztec clover

472-475

{#1} Trifolium amabile Kunth<cWF><cPL><PMP><CAP><PTP><DICT>298pp

Fabaceae

leaves, root bark

See PMP for other species or synonyms.

bot

ch'illka <ALX><RBD><PMP> hayaq ch'illka <PMP>; chillihua<CAA>

ch’illca{#15}

478-480

{#0} Baccharis spp.<photo> {#1} Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.<cWF><NPM><CAA><EBO><APP><CFP><IAP><GIP> <JQP><JAA><JHC><NPM><JAR><JPC><PQC><JPT><PAA><PFW><ECP><TML><ICC> <DICT-XLS> {#2} Baccharis helichrysoides DC. <cWF><PMP><APP><EBO><PTP><GIP><IAP><TML> {#2- synonym} Baccharis polyantha Spreng.<cWF> {#3} Baccharis salicina Torr. & A.Gray <cWF><PMT><CAA> {#4} Baccharis punctulata DC.<cWF><PMT> (#0-a} Ageratina spp. {#1-a} Ageratina sternbergiana (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. <cWF><PMP><NPM><WHA><PTP> {#3-a} Ageratina pentlandiana (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob. <cWF><PMP><EBO> {#4-a} Ageratina cuzcoensis (Hieron.) R.M.King & H.Rob. <cWF><PMP>

{#2-syn} Baccharis salicifolia Nutt.<cWF><PMP><CAA>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

tender leaves

Used to make yellow dye. <RBD>

bot

chikchimpa, chikchipa <PMP>

chiqchimpa{#9}

89, 135, 238, 265, 268

{#1} Tagetes mandonii Sch.Bip. ex Klatt<cPL><cWF><PMP><DICT>57pp<DICT>373pp<DICT>298<DICT-XLS>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

C,C

See Table 19 (p 265) in PMP

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anunas, chirimuyu <ALX> chirimuya<WIK>

chirimoya, hojas de{#9}<MRA>

cherimoya

{#1} Annona cherimola Mill.<cWF><cPL><PMN><CAP><DHL><CPM><AMP><UNT><Y-photo>

Annonaceae

leaves = 9

bot

Vs2*?

sidra?, cedro? limón cidra

cidra, infusión{#3}<MRA>

citron?

{#1} Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson<cWF><PAP><CAP><EEE><DHL>; {#2} Citrus medica L.<cWF><CAP><PP3>; {#3} Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.<cWF>*

{#1} Verbenaceae; {#2} Rutaceae;

Infusion = 3

Lippia alba = “pampa orégano”<CFP><DPP><PSP><WCC><PAP syn = cidra>, poleol de inca<PAA>. Uses may identify species Rule out sechium edule.

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Vg2s3?

chuchuwasi <ALX><RBD>; chuchuhuasi<DICT>57pp; chuchuhuasha; chucchu huashu, chuchuasi, chuchasha, chuchuhuasha

chuchuwasi{#5}

{#1} Heisteria acuminata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Engl.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PFW><DHL*><JAA><JAR><JPR><JRH><UNT><DPP> {#2} Maytenus macrocarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.<cWF><MAP><JBC>; {#3} Maytenus laevis Reissek<cWF><cPL><POL>;

{#1} Olacaceae ; [#2,3} Celastraceae

See https://www.indigo-herbs.co.uk/natural-health-guide/benefits/chuchuhuasi See also WebMD See also https://www.altcancer.com/ccwaso.htm and Maytenus seems to be the one most used.

Search on “chuchuhuasi” See in <DHL> “Notes: Same common names and activities may sometimes apply to the unrelated Maytenus. For that reason I use “Heisteria” as the common name rather than continuing the confusion of having unrelated species called “chuchuhuasi.”” See uses in <DHL> to compare with transcript

9, 12, 13

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chuyllur<RBD>; chijllurmay<CAA>; chuingue<PFW>; chiqlluy<ECP>; chiqlluray<ECP>; chiqllumay<ECP>

chuyllur{#9}, ch’uyllur{#12,13}

{#1} Vallea stipularis L.f.<cWF><IAP><PMN><CAA><APP><PMA><UNT><PAA><PFW><TMP><JTR><~CAP><ECP>

Elaeocarpaceae

Search on “ chijllurmay” and “chuingue” = best results

2, 3, 7, 8, 13, 16

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Vs2

kuka <ALX><RBD> qoqa <RBD>kuka ruru <RBD>

coca{#2,3,1316}; coca, hojas de{#8}; coca ruru{#7}

coca, semilla de{#7}

coco; coca leaf,;coca root

61, 71, 87, 137, 265

{#1} Erythroxylum coca Lam.<cWF><cPL><PAA><EKQ><PFW><PAP><CAP><PMP><DHL><DPP><PP2><PP3><JAA><JBC><JBS><JDA><JHC><JHP><JHU><JMM><JPM><JPR><JRH><JTR><EEE><CPM><NPM><ECP><AMP><WCC>; {#2} Erythroxylum novogranatense (D.Morris) Hieron.<cWF><UNT><CAP>

Erythroxylaceae

lseed=7, eaves =8

See PMP: pp 87, 137, 265, 267

5, 14

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kulis <ALX>

col{#14}, repollo{#14}, coliflor{#5}<MRA>

cabbage ?, cauliflower

87, 136, 156, 236, 267

{#1a} Brassica oleracea L. ssp. capitata<cWP><PAA><PFW><CAP><PMP><PMA><EKQ><EMP><ICC><PMP>; {#1b} Brassica oleraea L. ssp. botrytis <cWF><PP3> <EKQ><PMP><EMP><ICC>

B. oleracea var. capitata, var. botrytis <RBD>

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14

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pinco-pinco, caña cidra <PMP>; akurma <ALX><RBD>; shaqashaqa <ALX> matiwakwa, muqu-muqu, pinku-pinku, shaqashaqa <RBD>

cola de caballo{#1,2,7,8,9,10,11,13,14}<MRA>

horsetail

411-413, 435-435

{#0} Equisetum spp.; {#1} Equisetum bogotense Knuth<cWF><UPM><PEC><PAA><EKQ><PMN><POL><PFW><CAP><PMP>;<DHL><JAA><JAC><JDA><JGM><JMM><JPT><JQP><JRP><JTX><ECP><MPL><AMP><WCC><WMC><~Y-photo> {#2} Equisetum giganteum L. <cWF><UPM><PAA><PMN><PMT><PFW><CAP><PMP><DHL><JAR><JDA><JHP><PSP><PQC><AMP><WCC><~Y-photo>; {#3} Equisetum arvense L.<cWF><PMT><PMD><~ICC>; {#4} Ephedra rupestris Benth.<cWF><NPM><UNT>

{#2-syn} Equisetum xylochaetum Mett.<cWF><PMT>; {#4-syn} Ephedra americana var. rupestris (Benth.) Ball<cWF>

{#1,2,3} Equisetaceae; {#4} Ephedraceae

total plant minus roots

See medicinal notes <RBD><PMP> E. bogotense @ 2900 to 3800 meters.

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Vs5

kupaywa <ALX><RBD><DIC>57pp

copaiba, aciete de{#7}

{#0} Copaifera spp.; {#1} Copaifera paupera (Herzog) Dwyer<cWF><DPP><RDB><EEE><MAP><PAP>; {#2} Copaifera officinalis (Jacq.) L.<cWF>RBD><DHL>; {#3} Copaifera reticulata Ducke<cWF><CAP>; {#4} Copaifera multijuga Hayne<cWF><ICC>; {#5} Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.<cWF><DHL>

Fabaceae

oil = 7

See <DHL> for taxonomy "Collected in the wild by non-taxonomists, the collections may often represent a mixture of highly variable species. So the studies of the resins can rarely if ever be authenticated, unless the resin and the voucher specimens are gathered by the same" <WRU> lung disorders, skin, scars. Note: tropical plant; various species.

7, 15

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culandro , culandro poso, culandro puso <PMP>

culantro, semilla de{#7}, culandro, semilla de{#15}<MRA>

cilantro (culantro)

445-448

{#1} Coriandrum sativum L.<cWF><PVMP><PAA><POL><PFW><CAP><DPP><DHL><JBS><JGM><JTR><CPM><ARE><EMP><ICC>

Apiraceae (Umbelliferae)

seeds = 7; seeds, branches <PMP>

See medicinal notes in PMP

Notes in <DHL> “McGuffin et al. (2000) give two standardized common names for Coriandrum sativum, which is what most North Americans know by those common names, “cilantro” for the leaves, “coriE Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of Latin America 299 ander” for the seed (AH2). This will be confusing in places like Peru where Coriandrum is the species used in the Andes, whereas Eryngium foetidum, of the same family, bears the name “cilantro” in the lowlands. McGuffin et al. (2000) give “culantro” as the standardized common name for E. foetidum (AH2).”

3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14

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Vg3s3

pilli-pilli; saqa-saqa <ALX>* pilli-pilli; utkush <RBD> (see achicoria)

diente de león{#3,9,10,12}, achicoria{#9}, diente de león/achicoria{#8,11,14}<MRA>

{#1} dandelion; {#2} chicory

798-801; 299-302

{#1} Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund<cWF><PMP><PEC><PAA><MTP><POL><PMT><PFW><CAP><PTP><TMP><JAA><JGM><JRH><JHC><JBS><JTR><JDA><Y-photo>; {#1-a} Taraxacum melanocarpum Hand.-Mazz.<cWF>(ambiguous)<PMP>653-654(uncommon); {#2} Picrosia longifolia D.Don<cWF><PAA><PFW><DPP><AMP><JPR><C01><C02><N-photo>; {#3} Cichorium intybus L.<cWF><PMD><EMP><N-photo>

{#1}{syn} Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg.<cWF><JAA><JGM><JRH><JHC><JBS><PMT><JDA>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

root = 3

4, 7, 9

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Vg5s5

yana puqu <ALX>

duraznillo{#9}, durasnillo{#4,7}

506-508

{#1} Epilobium denticulatum Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><PMP><ECP>; {#2} Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small<cWF><PMP><PTP><JMM>; {#3} Maytenus verticillata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.<cWF><CAP>; {#4} Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><EBO>; {#5} Alonsoa meridionalis (L.f.) Kuntze<cWF><AMP>

{#1-syn} Epilobium bolivianum Sam.<cWF><PMP>; {#2-syn} Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx.<cWF>

{#1} Onagraceae; {#2} Polygonaceae; {#3} Celastraceae; {#4} Rubiaceae; {#5} Scrophulareaceae

PMP - both species used; See photos on <cWF>.

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ulluco, olluco, illaco <PMP>; ulluku <RBD>

espinaca{#5}<MRA>; papalisa; papa lisa; olluco <RBD><PMP>

997-1000

{#1} Spinacia oleracea L.<cWF><CAP>; {#2} Ullucus tuberosus Caldas<cWF><PMP><DICT>57pp<DICT>373pp/

{#1} Amaranthaceae; {#2} Basellaceae

The leaves of “ullucu” can be used as a spinach substitute. Is this spinach or “ullucu”?

3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15

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iwkalistu, kalistu, wkalistu <ALX>*; iwkalistu <RBD>

eucalipto{#3,4,7,9,10,11,13,14,15},eucalipto, hojas de{#8}<MRA>

eucalyptus

63, 92, 145, 156, 233, 236, 264, 269

{#1} Eucalyptus globulus Labill.<cWF><UPM><PEC><PAA><EKQ><POL><PMT><PFW><CAP><PMP><JAA><JAC><JAR><JDA><JGM><JHP><JPR><JQP><JRP><JTR><PTP><CPM><ARE><PSP><NPM><CAA><ECP><EBO><PMD><EMP><APP><ICC><AMP> ; {#2} Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson<cWF><CPM>

{#2-syn} Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.<cWF><CPM>

{#1,#2 }Myrtaceae

leaves = 8; leaves, stems, seeds <PMP>

PMP pp 63, 64, 92, 145, 156, 198, 206, 212, 233, 236, 264, 269

2, 9

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Vg2s5

lumucha wantuq, wantuq <ALX>*; wantuq <RBD>

floripondio{#2,9}<MRA> floripondio (white-flowered), floripondio rojo (red-flowered)

angel’s trumpet; red angel’s trumpet <RBD>

515-517, 517-520

{#0} Brugmansia spp.; {#1} Brugmansia arborea (L.) Sweet<cWF><PFW><PAA><CAA><DHL>; {#2} Brugmansia sanguinea (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don<cWF><PFW><UNT>; {#3} Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Sweet<cWF><MAP><CAP>; {#4} Brugmansia candida Pers.<cWF><POL>; { {#5} Datura L.<cWF><PMP><PMT><CAP>

{#3-syn} Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Bercht. & C.Presl<cWF><MAP>; {#5-syn} Datura arborea L<cWF><PMP><CAP><DHL>; {#5-syn} <Datura candida (Pers.) Voigt<PMT>

Solanaceae

Photo is of “red floripondio”.

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Vg2s3

guanábana, hojas de{#9}<MRA>; graviola

soursop

541-543

{#1} Annona muricata L.<cWF><CFP><PAA><DPP><JAC><JBS><JTX>; {#2} Annona montana Macfad.<cWF><DPP>; {#3} Psidium guajava L.<cWF><PAA><DPP><JAC><JTX><PMP>;

{#1,2} Annonaceae; {#3} Myrtaceae

leaves = 9

12, 15

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abas, chaqullu, hawas, miska <ALX><DICT>57pp; abas, hamk'a, hawas <RBD>

haba tostada{#15} , haba, cascara de{#12}<MRA> haba

broad bean, fava <RBD>

Vicia faba L.<cWF><PMT><CAP><DHL><ICC>

Fabaceae

leaves = 4; cáscara

PMP pp 94, 143, 158, 265, 269; Treats gripe p 269

7, 9, 10, 13

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Vs2

hierba buena{#7,9,10,13} <MRA> ; also menta, menta verde, menta negra, khoa <PMP>

557-561

{#0} Mentha spp.;<JHC><PMP>; {#1} Mentha spicata L.<cWF><zonet?><PEC><PAA><EKQ><POL><PFW><PAP><CAP><TMM><C01><C02><DPP><JAA><JGM><JMM><JRH><CPM><ICC><PQC>; {#2} Mentha × piperita L.<cWF><POL><CAP><JDA>;

{#1-syn} Mentha viridis (L.) L.<cWF><PMT><CAP><JMM><CPM>

Labiatae

branches, leaves <PMP>

1, 4, 9, 14, 15

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igu, igu k'aspi, uhiy <ALX>*; igu <RBD> see also <PMP>

higo{{#1,4,9,14}, higuerilla {#15} <MRA>; higos <PMP>

fig (fig tree = 15)

565-567

Ficus carica L.<cWF><PAA><PFW><CAP><PMP><JCD><JMM><JTX><PQC><WVP>: {#2} Ricinus communis L.<cWF><higerilla><MAP><WCC>: {#3} Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn<cWF><higerilla><CAA>

{#1} Moraceae; {#2} Moraceae; {#3 } Dennstaedtiaceae

leaves = 4,9; fruit = 4; latex = 14

12, 14

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Vg2s4

ajenjo(#12,14}<MRA>

78, 131, 156, 169, 264, 266

(#1} Artemisia absinthium L.<cWF><UPM><PEC><EKQ><POL><PMT><HSE><PMP><DPP><ERC><JHC><JRP><JTR><ARE><PSP> <ECP><EMP><ICC><WMC><WVP>; {#2} Artemisia sodiroi Hieron. ex Sodiro<cWF><ICC>; {#3} Ambrosia peruviana Willd.<cWF><DPP><JAA><JBS><JPR><JRH>; {#4} Ambrosia arborescens Mill.<cWF><DPP;

{#2-syn} Ambrosia artemisioides Willd.<cWF><DPP>; {#3-syn} Corryocactus squarrosus (Vaupel) Hutchison<cWF> <DICT>298pp

Asteraceae (Compositae)

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V2gs2

hinojo{#15}<MRA>

569-573

{#1} Foeniculum vulgare Mill.<cWF><PAA><EKQ><POL><PFW><PMP><JAA><JEP><JGM><JHP><JHU><JMM><JRP><JTX><PTP><ARE><NPM><ECP><EMP><ICC>; {#2} Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.<cWF><PMN>

{#1} Apiraceae (Umbelliferae); {#2} Haloragaceae: {#3} Tropaeolaceae

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Vg3s3

huallpa chaqui<DPP>; wallpa chaki<

huallpa chaki{#14}; {#14-syn} huallpachaki

{#1} Gentianella thyrsoidea (Hook.) Fabris<cWF><JPM>; {#2} Anemone helleborifolia DC.<cWF><DPP>; {#3} Tropaeolum peregrinum L.<cWF><CAA><~PMP>

{#1} Gentianaceae; {#2} Ranunculaceae; {#3} Tropaeolaceae

Which species is correct will depend highly on interviewee context re usage.. Also note <DPP>.

See https://www.runa-simi.org/simitaqe/id-13753-wallpa%20chaki.html

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Vg2s5

chillca<DICT>57pp.; chillka, ch'illka, chilca

huaman ch’illca{#12}; {#12-syn} chillka, chilca

478-480

{#0} Baccharis spp.; <JAR><JDA><JTX><JAP>; {#1} Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.<cWF><CAA><EBO><APP><NPM><JAA><JAR><JPC><CFP><PAA><JHC><JQP><GIP><ECP><IAP><PFW><ICC><PQC>; {#2} Baccharis helichrysoides DC.<cWF><zone?><PTP>; {#3} Baccharis salicina Torr. & A.Gray<cWF><PMT>; {#4} Baccharis punctulata DC.<cWF><zone?><PMT>; {#5} Chromolaena laevigata (Lam.) R.M.King & H.Rob.<cWF><EEE>;

{#2-syn} Baccharis polyantha Spreng.<cWF><PTP>; {#3-syn} Baccharis salicifolia Nutt.<cWF><PMT>

See: Quechua-English Index. Bush species; stem that is used in basketry and in roofing of houses; “chilca “(Andean plant with white flowers and oily serrated leaves. These leaves heated in a hearth are used to put plasters in the dislocations); “chillca”; plant used to dye yellow.

3, 9, 12

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huesillo{#9,12}

huesillo{#3}<MRA>

sun-dried peach? (does photo match leaves?)

508-509

{#1} Prunus persica (L.) Batsch<cWF><Y-photo?>

Rosaceae

Possibly “duranzo seco” = dried peach = “huesillo” (a drink)

2, 5

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intimpa <ALX> (but is Podocarpus, not Pinus)

cascara de pina{#2}, pino {usa solo cabezas}{#5}<MRA>; pino (ojo de …, cabeza de…)

pine

810-811

{#0} Pinus spp.<PMP><ICC><WVP>; {#1} Pinus radiata D.Don<cWF><PAA><PMT><PFW><JAR><JDA>; {#2} Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham.<cWF><PAA><PFW><JAR>; {#3} Pinus halepensis Mill.<cWF><CPM>

Podocarpus glomeratus ?

Pinaceae

bark =2; branch tips = 5

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Vg3s4

ichhu-ichhu? (see <PMP>@575&577>

ishu ishu(#14}

575-577, 577-582

{#0} Plantago spp.; {#1} Plantago sericea Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><PMP><CPM><TML>; {#2} Plantago lamprophylla Pilg.<cWF><ECP>; {#3} Calandrinia acaulis Kunth<cWF><PMP>; (#4) Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav) Kunth<cWF><PMT><DICT>298pp.<DICT>479pp.

{#1-syn} Plantago monticola Decne<cWF><PMP><CPM><TML>

{#1,2} Plantaginaceae; {#3} Portulacaceae; {#4} Poaceae (Gramineae);

(#1}T,{#2}C/f

See interviews for context and clue as to species. See Plantago sericea = “paja blanca” for vaginal discharge.

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Vg5s5

jaboncillo{#12}

jaboncillo

soapberry

{#1} Cucumis dipsaceus Ehrenb. ex Spach<cWF><PAA><PMN><PFW><JRH> <TML><UNT>; {#2} Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn.<cWF><CAP><DHL><DPP>; {#3} Sapindus saponaria L.<cWF><CAP>; {#4} Phytolacca rivinoides Kunth & C.D.Bouché<cWF><DPP>; {#5} Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth<cWF><DPP>

{#1,2} Cucurbitaceae; {#3} Sapindaceae; {#4} Phytolaccaceae; {#5} Piperaceae

Google search

See images in <cWF> Idenity may depend on interview context

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chaca?, chaka?, q’aqa?

jhaka jhaka{#14}

Search under “chaka” or “chaca”: Cusco dict: “Lower leg or extremity human body that includes thigh, leg and foot.” chaka: adj. alabeado chaka: s. puente; puente; cadera; muslo; pierna chaka: s. cadera

“jaca” = breadfruit <DPP> or referes to part of anatomy.

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janca-janca<JSS>

jank’a jank’a{#12}

{#1} Solanum nutans Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><JSS>

Solanaceae

See photos in <JSS>; distribution and common name in Peru and Cusco match “janca-janca”.

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Vs2

hat'aqo<PMP>

jat’aqo{#13}; {#13-syn} jat’aqu?

554-556

{#0} Amaranthus sp. <DICT>181p; {#1} Amaranthus caudatus L.<cWF><PMN>~PAA><~PFW><~CAP><~JHU><ICC>) ; {#2} Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.<cWF><DICT>298p.<DICT>479pp;

{#2-syn} Amaranthus hybridus L.<cWF><DICT>298pp.<DICT>479pp.

Amaranthaceae

See <ECP> for discussion of use of wild plants page 23.

8, 9

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Vs3

huawa qollay, gigatón <PMP>; hawaq'ollay, hawaq'ullay<DICT>479pp

jawaqollay, kactu de{#8},jawaqollay, flor{#9}

San Pedro Cactus

527-528

{#1} Echinopsis sp.; {#1} Echinopsis cuzcoensis (Britton & Rose) Friedrich & G.D.Rowley<cWF><NPM><PTP><PMP><DICT>479pp (white flowers)<Gigaton>; {#2} Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton & Rose) Friedrich & G.D.Rowley<cWF><San Pedro Cactus><Y-photo><PAA><PMN><POL><PFW><PMP><JBS><TMP><JPM><JRP><JTR><JTX><PSP><TML><MPL><AMP>; {#3} Echinopsis peruviana (Britton & Rose) Friedrich & G.D.Rowley<cWF>

{#1-syn} Trichocereus cuzcoensis Britton & Rose<cWF><PMP>

Cactaceae

f’lowers = 8,9

Use this term: hawaq'ollay<DICT>479pp See cactus guide: https://cactiguide.com/cactus/?start=-10&genus=Echinopsis&species=

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Vg4s4

kanchalagua, kanchalawa, chankolaya<PMP>; kachalawa <RBD>; canchalagua<TURENG>

kanchalawa{#11}; canchalagua

canchalahua <RBD><PMP>

592-594

{#1} Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze ex Thell.<cWF><PMP><ECP><TML><DHL><PAA><RBD><PMN><PFW><CAP><JAA><JCD><JGM><JRH><PMD><TML><AMP><UNT><JHC>; {#2} Centaurium erythraea Rafn<cWF><POL><HSE><ICC>; {#3} Hypericum silenoides Juss.<cWF><PMN>; {#4} Linum polygaloides Planch.<cWF><PSP>;

{#1-syn} Schkuhria octoaristata DC .<cWF><RBD><PMP>; {#4-syn} Linum andicolum Krause<cWF><PSP>

{#1} Asteraceae (Compositae); {#2} Gentianaceae; {#3} Hypericaceae; {#4} LinaceaeLinum andicolum Krause

More common name is "canchalagua".

bot

Vg1s5*

kayo; garbancillo<PMP>; husq’a<DICT>298pp.; q’ira<ECP>

k'ayo{#5}

522-525

{#0} Astragalus spp. <Y-photo>; {#2} Astragalus garbancillo Cav.<cWF><Y-photo-?><JAS><PMP><CAP><JHC><JPT><VFC><PTP><NPM><CAA><ECP><EBO><APP><TML><DICT>298pp. {#2} Astragalus arequipensis Vogel<cWF><PMP><VFC>; {#3} Astragalus weddellianus (Kuntze) I.M.Johnst.<cWF><PMP><VFC><ECP><EBO> {$4} Astragalus cryptanthus Wedd.<cWF><ERC> {#5} Astragalus uniflorus DC. <GIP><VFC><ECP>

{#1-syn} Astragalus unifultus L'Her.<cWF><CAP> {#3-syn} Astragalus pilgeri J.F.Macbr.<cWF><PMP>

Fabaceae

Definition: Semilla escogida, selecta; Bot. Maíz en choclo cosechado castaño; tornable al rubio. EJEM: de hojas. SINÓN: k'awi, k'iwi, k'ayo.

See <DICT>298pp p’api s. Bot. Maíz en choclo cosechado
casi seco. SINÓN: k'awi, k'iwi, k'ayo
sara. Pe.Aya: papi.

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k’ichi k’ira

Does the name mean machete? See http://etnolinguistica.wdfiles.com/local--files/tese%3Avallejos-2010/vallejos_2010_kokama.pdf

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V9g13s*

k'utu chupa, raki-raki <ALX>*; hiki p'anqa <RBD>

kinkillma macho{#9}<Y-photo>

helecho{#9}<MRA>; helecho macho<PAA>

444, 585-587, 879-882

{#0} Adiatum spp.<Y-photo>; {#1} Adiantum concinnum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.<cWF><PAA><PFW><HSE>; {#2} Adiantum digitatum Hook.<cWF>{helecho}<PMN><Y-photo-TBD>; {#3} Adiantum humile Kunze<cWF><DPP>; {#4} Adiantum capillus-veneris L.<cWF><DPP>; {#5} Adiantum poiretii Wikstr.<PMP>; {#6} Thelypteris scalaris (Christ) Alston <cWF>{helecho macho}<N-photo><PAA><JRH><PFW><JRH><~PMP>; {#7} Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn<cWF><PTP><EMP><GIP><ARE><EMP><MPL>; {#8} Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon<cWF><EKQ>; {#9} Asplenium praemorsum Sw.<cWF><PMN><MPL><AMP>; {#10} Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott<cWF><EMP><TML><~PMP>; {#11} Polybotrya fractiserialis (Baker) J. Sm.<cWF><DPP>; {#12} Polybotrya crassirhizoma Lellinger<cWF><DPP>; {#13} Pellaea ternifolia<cWF>{helecho}<PMN><PMP>; {#14} Trichomanes pinnatum Hedw.<cWF><DPP> {#15} Campyloneurum angustifolium (Sw.) Fée<cWF><N-photo><DPP><PTP>

{#15-syn} Polypodium angustifolium Sw.<cWF>{helecho}<DPP><PTP>

{#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#13} Pteridaceae; {#6} Thelypteridaceae; {#7,#8} Dennstaedtiaceae; {#9} Aspleniaceae; {#10, #11,#12} Dryopteridaceae; {#14} Hymenophyllaceae; {#15} Polypodiaceae

See photos in <cWF>; Likely Adiantum concinnum - see <PAA-2> Report as Adiantum sp. Definition: “Helecho macho” ={#6}<JRH>

bot

quinua, quinua silvestre <PMP> kinwa <RBD>

kíñoa{#12}; kinwa

quinua{#12}<MRA>

quinoa

872-876

{#1} Chenopodium quinoa Willd.<cWF><PAA><EKQ><PMT><PFW><CAP><ERC><JHC><CAA><ECP><PQC><TML><UNT><RBD>; {#2} Cinchona officinalis L.<cWF><PAA>{*Note}; {#3} Polylepis tomentella Wedd.<cWF><PMT>{*Note}

{#1} Amaranthaceae; {#2} Rubiaceae; {#3} Rosaceae

seeds, leaves, stems <PMP>

Note: Cinchona officinalis is known as “cascarilla” – not likely “quinua”.

Note: Polylepis tomentella is in <PMT> olivia Bolivia

bot

awirinri <ALX>

kión, jenjibre{#11}<MRA>; gengibre<PAA>; jengibre; ajenjibre <ADB>

ginger

{#1} Zingiber officinale Roscoe<cWF><CAP><TML><JPR><PAA><PFW><MAP><DPP><RBD> {#2} Curcuma longa L.<cWF><PAP> {#3} Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.<cWF><ICC>

{#3-syn} Zingiber galanga (L.) Stokes<cWF><ICC>

Zingiberaceae

14, 15

bot

kinsa k’uchu<PMT><RBD> kimsa k'uchu <PMP> quimsa cucho <RBD>; cuchu-cuchu<JHC>

kinsa k’ucho{#14}, juchu kuchu{#15}

espadilla <RBD>

600-604

{#1} Baccharis sagittalis (Less.) DC.<cWF><CAP><JPT><ECP><PMP><~PFW><~JAA><~JCD><~JDA><~JHC><~JMM><~JRP><~JTX><~AMP><~UNT><~WHV><~WMP>

{#1-syn} Baccharis genistelloides Poepp. ex DC.<cWF><JPT><ECP><~PAA><~PFW><~JAA><~JCD><~JDA><~JHC><~JMM><~JRP><~JTX><~AMP><~UNT><~WHV><~WMP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

See PMP kimsa k'ucho p 600); Note: in <UNT> is referred to as “cuchu cuchu”; in <CAP> is “kuchu-kuchu”. Note: most common name is "carceja" or "karqueja"<PAA><PFW> also “simba simba”, “carceja,” “kKarqueja”, “cadillo”<PFW>

1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14

bot

Vg1s4

chini, kisa, sinawru <ALX>*; kisa, sinawru <RBD>

kisa{#1,3,8,9,10,12,13,14}

ortiga{#1,3,8,9,10,12,13,14}<MRA>; Ortiga blanca = Urtica urens<PEC>; Ortiga colorada = Caiophora carduifolia<PEC>

nettle, minor nettle <RBD>

272

{#1} Urtica spp.<PMT> {#2} Urtica urens L.<cWF><PEC><PAA><PMN><POL><PFW><JAA><JBS><JDA><JHC><JQP><JTR><PSP><EBO><PMD><EMP><TML><ICC> [ortiga=10; ortiga blanca=3; ortiga negra=1; otiga menor=1] {#3} Urtica magellanica Juss. ex Poir.<cWF><PAA><POL><PFW><CAP><JAA><JAR><JQP><JTX><CAA><POL><PFW><JAA><JAR><JTX><TML><MPL> [ortiga=8; ortiga blanca=2; ortiga negra=4] {#4} Urtica dioica L.<cWF><Y-photo-TBD><PMN><POL><DPP><ECP><PQC><EMP><TML> [ortiga=5; ortiga negra=1; ortiga mayor=1]

Urticaceae

F,C

See <PMP> for other genera, especially Urticaceae.

bot

raqacha<DICT-298pp>, ricacha<<DPP>; racacha<TURENG>

k’ita raq’acha{#7}

{#1} Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancr.<cWF><TURENG><PAA><PFW><DPP><JBS><JTR><ECP><PQC><UNT><~JTX>

{#1-syn} Arracacia esculenta DC<cWF><DICT-98pp>

Apiaceae(Umbelliferae)

k'ita refers to wild plants; search "racacha"

See <JRP> re use in susto

4, 11, 14

bot

qhana, kiskaqhana<PMP>; cerraja<PAA>; khana<PTP>

kiska qana{#4,11,14}, escorseñora{#14}<MRA>; qana-qana

escor señora

sowthistle

863-865

{#1} Sonchus oleraceus (L.) L.<cWF><Y-photo><PMP><PAA><PFW><HSE><CAP><DHL><DPP><JBS><JGM><JHC><JMM><JRP><JTR><JTX><PTP><PSP><ECP><EBO><PQC><EMP><TML><ICC><AMP><~JPT><~JQP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

(escorseñora) = 14; most commonly called "cerraja" for example some sources <HSE><PFW><DPP><TMP><JGM><JRP>z, JTR> <JTX><EMP><ICC><AMP>

bot

yausapancho<EEE>

lausapancho{sic}{#5}, llausa pancho

{#1} Heliocarpus americanus L.<cWF><CAP><DPP><~WCP><EEE>; {#2} Heliocarpus popayanensis Kunth<cWF><~CAP-?>

Malvaceae

“llausa pancho” (2 words); formerly in the Tiliaceae: Known as ‘hot lips’ in English for obvious reasons; its Spanish name translates as ‘wedding kiss’. Beso de Novia has long been used for medicinal purposes. The crushed, boiled plant is used as pain relief for a variety of aliments. The stem is rubbed on skin rashes. The sap from the ﬂowers is used as ear drops to treat ear ache. The ﬂowers are used to treat colds and coughs. In Quechua this plant is called ‘llausa pancho’. The wood is light.

See reference in https://conservationcorridor.org/cpb/SERNAP_2006.pdf

bot

lauramana<PMN>

lauraymana{#3}

laurajmana<EKQ>

639-642

{#1} Lantana camara L.<cWF><PMP><EKQ><PMN><PAP><CAP><DPP><~JRH><EEE><CAA><UNT>

Verbenaceae

10, 13

bot

Vg3s6

sauco, layame <PMP> sawku, shawaq, <ALX>*; rayan <RBD>; saucotillo<PFW>; tilo<PFW>

layan, saúco{#10,13}

sauco{#10,13}<MRA>; layán<TURENG>

elder, elderberry <RBD>

933-936

{#0} Sambucus spp.; {#1} Sambucus peruviana Kunth<cWF><PMP><PAA><EKQ><PMN><POL><PFW><DPP><JAA><JBS><JHC><JMF><JMM><JPR><JQP><JTR><JTX><PTP><NPM><IAP><TML><AMP><UNT><WMP><RBD>; {#2} Sambucus nigra L.<cWF><PMN><JDA><JPC><EMP>; {#3} Sambucus canadensisL.<cWF><PMN><MAP><PAP><DPP>; {#4} Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltdl.<cWF><CPM>; {#5} Viburnum ayavacense Kunth<cWF><PMN>; ; {#6} Cestrum auriculatum L'H?r.<cWF><PSP><PQC><ICC>

{#3-syn} Sambucus mexicana C.Presl ex DC.<cWF><DPP><MAP><PAP><DPP>

{#1,#2,#3,,#4,#5}Adoxaceae; {#6} Solanaceae

F,C

Medicinal notes in <RBD>; Most common name is "sauco" various sources.

5, 11, 14

bot

lechuga{#5}; lechuga, raIz de{#11,14}<MRA>

lettuce

646-648

{#1} Lactuca sativa L.<cWF><PMP><PAA><PFW><PP2><PQC><TML><CAP><ERC>SLP48> <PMP><PAA><EKQ><PFW><CAP><ICC>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

root = 11,14

Medicinal notes in <RBD>.

bot

Vg4s8

llaqi <RBD>; llaqe<PMP>

lengua de vaca{#13}<MRA>

cow’s tongue

654-657, 951-953

{#0} Rumex spp.; {#1} Rumex crispus L.<cWF><DPP><JHC><JRH><PQC><AMP><UNT><PAA><PFW><JPT><JTX><ECP><TML>; {#2} Rumex obtusifolius L.<cWF><JHC><PMP>; {#3} Rumex acetosella L.<cWF><TML>; {#4} Rumex pulcher L.<cWF><JHC>; {#5} Rumex frutescens Thouars<cF><PMP>; {#6} Perezia pungens Less.<cWF><PFW><PAA><PMP><TMP><JAA><~JPT>; {#7} Buddleja americana L.<cWF><PMN><CAP><UNT>; {#8} Hyptis verticillata Jacq.<cWF><DPP>

{#5-syn} Rumex cuneifolius Campd.<cWF><PMP>

{#1,#2,#3,#4,#5} Polygonaceae; {#6} Asteraceae (Compositae); {#7} Scrophulariaceae; {#8} Lamiaceae

See interview context for best matches. Rumex spp. match common name best.

2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13

bot

Vg1s3

limun <ALX><RBD>; limona, limuna<{PMT>

limón{#2,7,8,10,11} limón, hojas de{#13}<MRA>

lemon

100

{#1} Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck<cWF><UPM><PAA><PMT><MAP><PFW><PAP><CAP><PMP><DHL><DPP><PP3><JHP><CPM><WCC><RBD>; {#2} Citrus medica L.<cWF><PQC>; {#3} Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle<cWF>{lime}<NPM>

Rutaceae

leaves = 13

2, 8, 12

bot

linaza<MRA>

100

{#1} Linum usitatissimum L.<cWF><PMP><PAA><UPM><PFW><JAA><JDA><JGM><JHP><JRH><PTP><WMM>

Linaceae

2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16

bot

Vs3

llantan, waka qallu <ALX><RBD>; chirakruyuyu <ALX>

ichhu-ichhu<PMP> see ishu -ishu)

llantén{#2,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}, ayaq llantén{#9}<MRA>

573-574, 577-582

{#0} Plantago spp.<RBD>; {#1} Plantago major L.<cWF><CAP><DPP><JAR><JGM><JGR><JRH><JRP><PTP><CPM><NPM><EMP><ICC><UNT>; {#2} Plantago sericea Ruiz & Pav.<cWF>; {#3} Plantago linearis Kunth<cWF><JAA><JGR>

{#3}{syn} Plantago monticola Decne.<cWF><PMP>

Plantaginaceae

F,C

See medicinal notes in <RBD>.

6, 9, 13

bot

Vs4

llaque<TURENG>

llaqe{#6,9,13}

acelga silvestre{#6,9,13}<MRA>; lengua de vaca<PFW>

acelga silvestre = "wild chard"

295-296

{#0} Rumex spp.<cWF>; {#1} Rumex crispus L.<cWF><PAA><PFW><DPP><JGM><JRH><JTX><UNT>; {#2} Rumex frutescens Thouars<cWF>; {#3} Rumex conglomeratus Murray<CPM><AMP>; {#4} Rumex peruanus Rech. f.<cWF><PMP>

{#2}{syn} Rumex cuneifolius Campd.<cWF><CAP><PMP>

Polygonaceae

acelga silvestre = wild chard (Rumex crispus)

bot

V2g4

lorohuma<AMP>, madre madre<EEE>, lorohuma<AMP>

llama llama{#16}

{#0} Castilleja spp.<CAP>; {#1} Castilleja scorzonerifolia Kunth<cWF>; {#2} Castilleja pumila (Benth.) Wedd.<cWF><EBO>; {#3} Oreocallis grandiflora (Lam.) R. Br.<cWF><PMN><PSP><MPL>; {#4} Pyrolirion albicans Herb.<cWF>; {#5} Zephyranthes andina (R.E.Fr.) Traub<cWF><EBO>

{#1-syn}Castilleja arvensis Schltdl. & Cham.<cWF><AMP><EEE><PMN>; {#3-syn} Oreocallis mucronata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Sleumer<PMN>; {#4-syn} Zephyranthes albicans (Herb.) Baker<cWF><EBO>

{#1,2,3} Orobanchaceae; {#4} Protaceae; {#5,6} Amaryllidaceae

Treat as a plant instead of llama, depending on interview context. See also: https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yawar_t%27ayqu

bot

Vs3g2

llama wira{#7} Note: ID based on wira-wira

1047-1052

{#0} Gnaphalium spp.; {#1} Gnaphalium dombeyanum DC <cWF><CFP><PMP>; {#2} Gnaphalium melanosphaeroides Sch.Bip. ex Wedd.<cWF>; {#3} Gnaphalium viravira Molina<cWF><PMP>; {#4} Culcitium canescens Humb. & Bonpl.<cWF><PMT><MPL>

{#2-syn} Gnaphalium sodiroi hieron<cWF><PMT>; {#4-syn} Senecio canescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec.<cWF><PMN>

{#1,2,3} Asteraceae (Compositae)

Note: "llama wira" not found, ID based on "wira-wira"

bot

llanki qarato{#11}; s/b= qaratu

"llanki" = ?; "qarato" should be "qaratu" = native tree with long leaves

6, 8, 11, 15

bot

Vs2

llawlli <ALX><RBD>

llaulli

657-659

{#0} Barnadesia spp.; {#1} Barnadesia dombeyana Less.<cWF><PMN>; {#2} Barnadesia horrida Muschl.<cWF><PMP><PTP><EBO>

{#1-syn} Chuquiraga spinosa (Ruiz & Pav.) D.Don<cWF><UNT>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

fowers = 6,8

Spiny bush with red or white flowers<RBD>; “llaulli” = Barnadesia dombeyana Less.<TURENG>

2, 7, 11, 13, 15

bot

sara-chukcha <PMP> sara <ALX> muruchu <RBD>

maíz{#15}, maiz tostado {#2}, pelo de choclo{#7,11}, cabello de choclo{#13}<MRA>

corn (silk), corn {toasted}

672-677

{#1} Zea mays L.<cWF><cPL><PAA><EKQ><PMN><PFW><CAP><PMP><DPP><JBC><JHC><JMY><JPR><ECP><PMD>

Poaceae (Gramineae) (formerly Gramininae)

corn silk = 2

“cancha” – “tostado de maiz” = 13

6, 7, 8, 11

bot

Vs2g3

malwa <ALX><RBD>

malva blanca{#6,7,8,11}<MRA>

mallow

682

{#0} Malva sp.<JDA>; {#1} Malva sylvestris L.<cWF><PAA><POL><PFW><JAC><JBS><JRH><JTR><JTX>; {#2} Malva parviflora L.<cWF><PMP>; {#3} Alcea rosea L.<cWF><PFW><JAA><JBR>; {#4} Sida cordifolia L.<cWF><DPP><DHL>

Malvaceae

See also Urocarpidium shepardae (Johnson) Krapov.<PMP> 678-681

100

bot

kuti <ALX>

mango, hojas de{#12}<MRA>

683-685

{#1} Mangifera indica L.<cWF><PMP><PAA><EKQ><PFW><CAP><DHL><DPP><PP3><JBF><JDA><JPR>

Anacardiaceae

leaves = 12

101

4, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16

bot

Vs4

manaupa, runomanayupa <PMP>

mana yupa{#4,7,8,11,14,16,}; manayupa{#12,13}(preferred spelling)

907-910

{#0} Desmodium spp.; {#1}Desmodium molliculum (Kunth) DC <cWF><PMP><EKQ><PFW><CO1><CO2><JAA><JRH><CPM><PMD><UNT>; {#2} Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.<cWF><UNT>; {#3} Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC.<cWF><DPP>; Desmodium neomexicanum A.Gray<cWF><EEE>

Fabaceae

See also “rata-rata” (Quechua synonym) this spreadsheet.

102

1, 5, 9

bot

mansana <ALX><RBD>; t'iyu <ALX><RBD>

manzana{#1,9}, manzana, verde{#5}<MRA>

apple

694-695

{#1} Malus pumila Mill.<cWF><PMP><JHP>

Rosaceae

manzana verde & green= 5

103

2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16

bot

Vs2

manzanilla{#2,4,7,8,9,11,13,14,15,16}<MRA>

chamomile

695-696

{#0} Matricaria spp. {#1} Matricaria chamomilla L.<cWF><PAA><MTP><PMT><JHP><JRP><ARE><PSP><EMP>; {#2} Matricaria frigidum (HBK) Kunth<cWF><PFW><JAA><JHU><JRH>

{#1-syn} Matricaria recutita L.<cWF><PEA><PEC><PMT><JAA><JAC><EKQ><JBS><JDA><JGM><JMM><JRH><JTR><JTX><PTP><NPM><ICC><MPL><AMP><WVP>

Umbelliferae

104

bot

Vs3

chawi<PMP>

marancera{#15}

460-463

{#0} Paranephelis spp. {#1} Paranephelis uniflorus Poepp.<cWF><PMP><EBO><PMN><JAA><JRH><PAA><PFW>; {#2} Paranephelius bullatus A.Gray ex Wedd.<cWF>; {#3} Paranephelius ovatus A.Gray ex Wedd.<cWF><PP3>

{#1-syn} Liabum uniflorum (Poepp.) Sch.Bip.<cWF><PMP><EBO><PMN>; {#2-syn} Liabum bullatum (A.Gray ex Wedd.) Hieron.<cWF>; {#3-syn} Liabum ovatum (Wedd.) Britton<CWF><PP3>

See also <PMP> pp.460-463 for “chawi”. See also http://zambolandia.com/papers/puklla1/reg_bot_hierbas.html

105

1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14

bot

markhu<PMP>, marqhu <RBD>

marqu{#1,2,3,4,7,9,11,14}; marqo{#5,8,9,12}

700-704

{#1} Ambrosia arborescens Mill.<cWF><PMP><DHL><PTP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Rule out: {#2} Ambrosia peruviana, but difficult to differentiate, may be the same <DHL>.

106

bot

Vs2

taqsa <DICT>57pp<ALX><RBD>; tiksaw<DICT>57pp <ALX>

mastuerzo{#10}<MRA>

nasturtium, common nasturtium

705-706

{#0} Tropaeolum spp.; {#1} Tropaeolum minus L.<cWF><PAA><PFW><PMN><JAA>; {#2} Tropaeolum majus L.<cWF><PMP><DHL><WVP>

Tropaeolaceae

107

bot

masasamba, hojas de{#12}

masasamba, guanábana<DPP>

soursop

{#1} Annona muricata L.<cWF><EKQ><DHL><DPP>

Annonaceae

leaves = 12

108

5, 9, 11, 14

bot

maich'a<PMP>; maychcha, maicha<CPM>

maych’a{#5,9,14}, maycha{#11}

arnica<PMP>

668-671

{#1} Senecio rudbeckiaefolius Meyen & Walp.<cWF><PTP><NPM><CPM><PMP><EBO>

Senecio rudbeckiifolius Mayen & Walp<PMP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

109

bot

mejorana{#2}<MRA>

marjoram

710-711

{#1} Origanum majorana L.<cWF><PAA><PFW><CAP><PMP><PP3><JBS><JRH><JTR><JTX><ECP><ICC>

110

2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15

bot

Vs3g2

moqo moqo<DICT-298pp> matiqu <ALX>

moqo moqo{#2.3,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}

matico{#2,3,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15}<MRA>

{#0} Piper spp.<PSP><PMA>; {#1} Piper aduncum L.<cWF><PAA><UPM><EKQ><PMN><POL><MAP><PFW><DPP><JAA><JAC><JDA><EEE><PMT>; {#2} Piper acutifolium Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><IAP>; {#3} Piper peltatum L.<cWF><AMP>; {#4} Jungia paniculata (DC.) A.Gray<cWF><PEC><PMN><ICC>; {#5} Juglans neotropica Diels<cWF><TMP>

{#1-syn} Piper angustifolium Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><EKQ><POL>; {#1-syn} Piper elongatum Vahl<cWF><PMP><GMM>

Piperaceae

fruit = 8

See “pimienta” to differentiate species <PAA> Also <DPP> for other species.

111

2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16

bot

mulli<PMT> china mulli, kawsay sach'a, mulli, wayaw <ALX>*

molle{#2,8,9,12,16}

molle{#7,15}; molle, raiz de{#4}<MRA>

Peruvian pepper tree<DHL>

719-723

{#1} Schinus molle L.<cWF><PMP><PAA><PFW><EKQ><POL><PMT><CAP><PMP><DHL><JAA><JAR><JBF><JCD><JDA><JMM><JPR><JRH><JTX><PTP><CPM><PSP><ECP><PMD><PMA><AMP><UNT><WMM>

Anacardiaceae

112

1, 16

bot

mula huatana<CAP><MPL><PMN>

mula watana{#1}

{#1} Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes<cWF><MPL><PMN><AMP*><JMM*><<JDA*><PTP?*>; {#2*} Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J.W. Grimes<cWF><JTX*><JAC*><PAA*>; {#3*} Otholobium glandulosum (L.) J.W. Grimes<cWF><JAA*><JMM*><JTX*><JGM*><PSP*><UNT*><PFW?>

{#1-syn} Psoralea pubescens Poir.<cWF><CAP>

Fabaceae

*Asterisk indicates common name is "culein", "culén", or "huallhua". See if photo matches.

113

5, 14

bot

lloqha-lloqha<PMP>,mullaka <RBD>; mullaca<CPM>

mullak’a{#5,15}

660, 726-729

{#1} Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl.<cWF><PMP><WMM><CPM><DICT>2579

Polygonaceae

114

1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 13

bot

Vs4g3

k'oa, muña <PMP>; muña <ALX><RBD>

muña{#1,2,7,8,9}, muña de puna{#13}

muña{#4}, muña de altura{#5}<MRA>

621-623, 626, 1042

{#0} Minthostachys spp.; {#1} Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb.<cWF><UPM><PEC><PAA><PFW><DHL><BCP><HCM><JGM><ICC><WPM>; {#2} Minthostachys setosa (Briq.) Epling<cWF><PTP><CPM><NPM><PMD>; {#3} Minthostachys spicata (Benth.) Epling<cWF><CPM><NPM><CAA><PTP>; {#4} Minthostachys andina (Britton ex Rusby) Epling;<cWF><PMP>; {#5*} Desmodium molliculum (Kunth) DC.<cWF><JRH><PAA><PFW><JAA><JTX>; {#6*} Clinopodium brevicalyx (Epling) Harley & A.Granda<cWF><EBO>

Labiatae

High altitude mint (4000 to 5000 m)<RBD> see <PMP> p778-779. *Asteristk: Desmodium molliculum is sometimes called "muña", but more commonly "manayupa" and "pie de perro" *Asterisk - see <WMC>. Sometimes people do not differentiate between species or even genera.

115

2, 7, 10, 13

bot

pacha muña{#2,7,10,13}

598-600

{#1} Hedeoma mandoniana Wedd.<cWF><CO3><PMP>; {#2*} Minthostachys mollis (Benth.) Griseb.<cWF><UPM><PEC><PAA><PFW><DHL><BCP><HCM><JGM><ICC><WPM>; {#3*} Clinopodium nubigenum (Kunth) Kuntze<cWF>

{#3*-syn} Satureja nubigena (Kunth) Briq.<cWF>

Labiatae

Lower altitude mint with stronger aroma and flavor <TP> perhaps 12 species distributed at various altitudes from Venzuela to Argentina. The plethora of integrating phenotypes typical of Minthostachys spp. adds uncertainty to species determination. The use of vegetative characters to separate species is confounding. Species are separated by counting and measurement of calyx ribs. "Taxonomically the genus is in need of revision." Note: https://www.redalyc.org/jatsRepo/341/34159588006/html/index.html La pacha “muña” mencionada posiblemente es otra Menthea cuyo nombre está referido como Satureja nubigena (Kunth) Briq (Bustamante et al.2017).

116

2, 7, 10, 12, 15

bot

punamuña<PO2>

puna muña{#2,7,10,12,15}

muña (see muña)

{#1*} Clinopodium bolivianum (Benth.) Kuntze<cWF><WHV><EBO><PMN><WPB><PO1><PO2>

{#1-syn} Satureja boliviana (Benth.) Briq.<cWF><PMN*>p622

Labiatae

“puna” = altitude between 4000 and 5000 feet; See informant #2 who mentions “puna”, “pacha”, and “rapha muña” (indicating different plants).

*Asterisk - presumptive ID based on JHM photo vs <WHV> and web

117

2, 5, 9, 12, 13

bot

V~*

raphi muña?

rapha muña{2,5,9,12,13}

{#0*} Minthostachys sp.<cWF>

Labiatae

“raphi”. s. Bot. La hoja de la planta. *Asterisk - Species id presumptive. This link specificies M. mollis http://sial.muniabancay.gob.pe/sites/default/files/archivos/public/docs/yesica_quispe.pptx

118

bot

V~*

salqa muña{#10}

wild mint <JHM> (salqa = wild)

{#0*} Minthostachys spp. See <PMP>

Labiatae

ID uncertain

119

9, 14, 16

bot

Vs4g3

muthuy <PMP>, mut'uy <ALX><RBD>

mutuy{#9,14,16}

731-735

{#1} Senna birostris var. hookeriana (Hook.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby<cWF><NPM><PMP>; {#2} Senna versicolor (Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby<cWF><PMA>; {#3} Senna incarnata (Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby<cWF><EBO>; {#4} Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.<cWF><UNT>; {#5} Indigofera suffruticosa<CWF><PMN><CAP><DHL>; {#6} Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.<cWF><DPP>

{#1-syn} Cassia hookeriana Gilb.<cWF><PMP><CPM><RBD><PSP><PMP>

Fabaceae

120

8, 11

bot

Vs3

chilina, naranqa <ALX>; lara <ALX><RBD>

naranja{#8}, naranja, cascara de{#11}<MRA>

orange

105, 149, 156, 236, 246, 265, 272

{#0} Citrus spp. {#1} Citrus × aurantium L.<cWF><UPM><PAA><POL><PFW><DPP><JBS><JTR>; {#2} Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck<cWF><EKQ><PMP><DPP><JAA><JBS><JHP><JTR>; {#3} Citrus reticulata Blanco<cWF><DPP>

Rutaceae

juice = 8; rind = 11

121

5, 7

bot

niñopunku ?

niño punko{#5}, niñopunko{ #7}

“puncu”, “punko”, “punco” = doorway, gate, entrance?

122

bot

Vs3

niwa, ninhua

ñiwa, raiz de

936-937

{#0} Cortaderia spp. {#1} Cortaderia rudiuscula Stapf<cWF><PMP><PMT><CAP><PTP>; {#2} Cortaderia jubata (Lemoine ex Carrière) Stapf<cWF><ECP>; {#3} Cortaderia quila (Molina) Stapf>cWF><PTP>

Poaceae (Gramineae)

root = 16

*Asterisk: See medicinal use on page 71 of <ECP>.

123

3, 9, 12

bot

nojay{#3,9,12}

124

bot

tuqti <ALX><RBD>

nogal{#13}<MRA>

walnut, walnut tree <RBD>; Andean walnut

736-737

{#0} Juglans spp. {#1} Juglans neotropica Diels<cWF><PMP><PAA><PMN><PFW><CAP><DHL><JAA><JAR><JBS><JCD><JDA><JGM><JHC><JPR><JTR><JTX><CPM><PSP><ECP><AMP><UNT>; {#2} Juglans regia L.<cWF> <PMP><ARE>

Juglandaceae

125

bot

nuez moscada<{#16}<MRA>

nutmeg

737-739

{#1} Myristica fragrans Houtt.<cWF><PAA><PPA><POL><PFW><CAP><JAR><JBS><JPR><JRH><JTR>

Myristicaceae

126

bot

ñuñun way{#10}

toronjil ? {multiple sources = M officinalis via DocFetcher}

{#1} Melissa officinalis L.<cWF><Google Lens>

Lamiaceae

"ñuñun" sounds similar to “muña”. Plant ID based on Google Lens & Picture: this with no ambiguity.

127

bot

olivo, aceite de{#7}<MRA>

744-746

{#1} Olea europaea L.<cWF><ARE><EMP><PAA><PFW><CAP><PMP><JBS><JCD><JTR><ARE><EMP>

Oleaceae

oil = 7

128

2, 10, 12, 14

bot

pule oregano{#12}

orégano{#2,10,12,14}<MRA>

oregano

749-753

{#1} Origanum vulgare L.<cWF><PMP><PAA><EKQ><PFW><JAC><JDA><JHC><JRH><JRP><JTX>

Lamiaceae

“asnapa” [Q] = herb or oregano?

129

bot

oroy pimienta{#7}

{#1} Piper nigrum L.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PFW><ICC><PFW><CAP><JPR><JOUR>16p

Piperaceae

Verify in interview.

130

(see photo)

bot

Vs4*

oqa-oqa<PMP>

oqa-oqa (See oqa phuti=oqa-oqa?><JHM>

747-748

{#0} Oxalis spp.; {#1} Oxalis eriolepis Wedd.<cWF><PMP>; {#2} Oxalis tuberosa Molina<cWF><ECP><PMN><PFW><CAP><JHC><EBO><JRH><RBD> (based on “oqa” or "oca")<PAA>; {#3} Oxalis petrophila R. Knuth<cWF><ECP>; {#4} Oxalis conorrhiza Jacq.<wPL><PMP>

{#3-syn} Oxalis picchensis R. Knuth<cWF>

Oxalidaceae

Name based on “oqa” and "oqa oqa" not “oqa phuti”. See medicinal notes in <ECP> and <RBD> and <PMN>; there are 86 species of Oxalis in Peru. Oca refers to different species of Oxalis. See notes in <PMP> p. 747.

"phuti"[Q} = sorrow, grief, affliction; Oca phuti
{#syn - oca sancochada} (sancochada = parboiled) see= https://studylib.es/doc/8945946/tesis-henry-tmdi

131

bot

oqa, uqa, uqawsu, iqwanllina <RBD> (to verify – based on ‘oqa”)

oqa phuti{#2} i (oqa=uqa=oca)<JHM>

parboiled oxalis (see note)

same as above

Name based on “oqa” and "oqa oqa" not “oqa phuti”. See medicinal notes in <ECP> and <RBD> and <PMN>. There are 86 species of Oxalis in Peru, Oca refers to different species of Oxalis. See notes in <PMP> p. 747.

"phuti"[Q} = sorrow, grief, affliction; Oca phuti
{#syn - oca sancochada} (sancochada = parboiled) see = https://studylib.es/doc/8945946/tesis-henry-tmdi

132

bot

oqoruru<NPM>; oqoruru. berro de<PMP>; oqhoruro<PTP>; ocororo<EBO>

oqoruro{#14}

berro amarillo<UNT>; berro<PMT>

107, 150, 198, 239, 264, 272, 387

{#1} Mimulus glabratus Kunth<cWF><PMP><NPM><PMN><PMT><JAP><JHC><PTP><NPM><ECP><EBO><UNT><WHV>

Scrophulareaceae

See "berros" = Mimulus glabratus and <PMN>.

133

bot

Vs2

pacae, pacai<PAA>; pakay, waqu <ALX><RBD>; huaba<JRH>

pacay{#12}

pacay <RBD>

inga fruit <RBD>

{#0} Inga spp.; {#1} Inga edulis Mart.<cWF><PAA><UNT><CAP><UNT><JRH><POL><DPP><PFW>; {#2} Inga feuilleei DC.<cWF><PAA><POL><DPP><PFW><UNT>;

{#2-syn} Inga cumingiana Benth.<cWF>PMN>

Fabaceae

Fabaceae (or Leguminosae) <RBD>?

134

bot

pacha kuti{#16}

mango<DICT>[57pp]

{#1} Mangifera indica L.<cWF><DICT>[57pp] et al see comments

Quechua botanical dictionary indicates “kuti” = mango<DICT>181p<DICT>57p.

ID based on "kuti" in dictionaries.

135

bot

tara<WIK>

pacha tara{#16}

spiny holdback<WIK>

956-958

{#1} Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze<cWF><PAA><DPP><UPM><PMN><PFW><CAP><PMP><JAA><JAC><JDA><JRH><JTX><PTP><CPM><CAA><PMD>

{#1- syn} Caesalpinia tinctoria DC..<PMP><UNT><PTP>

Fabaceae

“Pacha” indicates species at lower elevation.

136

9, 12, 13

bot

palta <ALX><RBD>; paltay <RBD>

palta, hojas de{#9}; palta, pepo de{#12,13}<MRA> (see aguacate)

avocado <RBD><PAA>

73, 109, 141, 200, 273

{#1} Persea americana Mill.<cWF> <RBD><PFW><PMP><PAA><EKQ><PMN><CAP><DPP> et al.

Persea gratissima <RBD>

Lauraceae

leaves = 9,13; seed = 12

137

7, 9, 13, 14, 16

bot

palma real{#7,9,13,14,16}<MRA>

{#1} Tanacetum vulgare L.<cWF><PMA><PTP><PMP-nd>; {#2} Roystonea dunlapiana P.H.Allen<cWF><TURING>; {#3} Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F.Cook<cWF><CAP>

{#1} Asteraceae (Compositae); {#2,3} Arecaceae

“palma real” is " a bush of middle size, used for different problems in the stomach (pain, balooning, burning). It grows in Cachora but not as many as there were before."<TP>

138

6, 7

bot

Vs3

pampa anis<ECP>

pampa anis{#6}

anis silvestre{#7}<MRA>

dwarf marigold<DHL>

{#0} Tagetes spp. {#1} Tagetes filifolia Lag.<cWF><WMC><PAA><PFW><JAC><JHC><JHP><JTX><NPM-nd><UNT>; {#2} Tagetes pusilla Kunth<cWF><AMP><PTP><CAP><UNT><PMT><PMP><DHL><TURING>; {#3} Tagetes praetermissa (Strother) H.Rob.<cWF><ECP>

{#3-syn} Vilobia praetermissa Strother<cWF>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

See <ECP> for "pampa anis".

139

8, 14

bot

panti <ALX><RBD>

panti{#14}; panti, flor de{#8}

159

{#1} Cosmos peucedanifolius Wedd.<cWF><PTT><RBD><CAP><PMP><PTP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

flowers = 8

140

7, 11, 12

bot

papa <ALX>

papa, cascara de{#7,11,12}<MRA>

potato

237

{#1} Solanum tuberosum L.<cWF><UPM><PMN><PFW><JAA><JDA><JC><JPR><JRH><CPM><NPM><CAA><ECP><PMD><AMP><UNT>; Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juz. & Bukasov) Hawkes<cWF>

Solanaceae

cáscara = 7,11,21

141

bot

papaya <ALX><RBD>

papaya, pepa de{#9}<MRA>

papaya

773-775

{#1} Carica papaya L.<cWF><PMP><PAA> <DPP><PFW><RBD><CAP><MAP><PMN><EKQ>

Caricaceae

seed = 9

142

bot

papel k'uchu, intisoncca<PMP>

papel-papel{#14}

"whiteworm lichen" (found on rocks)

587, 775-776

{#1} Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer.<cTL><PMP><PTP>

Icmadophilaceae (formerly Usneaceae)

143

7, 8, 11

bot

maguey<PMP>; paqpa <ALX><RBD>

cabuya, raíz de{#7}; maguey{#8}, agave{#8}; maguey, raíz de{#11}; agave, raíz de{#7,11}<MRA>

agave

666-667

{#1} Agave americana L.<cWF><PMP><PMN><POL><PMT><HSE><CAP><JHC>

Asparagaceae

Root = 7,11

144

bot

Vs5*

pawka <ALX><RBD><CAP><DICT>373pp; chuque<PFW>

pauca{#7}

489-490

{#0} Escallinia spp.; {#1} Escallonia herrerae Mattf.<cWF><CAP><RBD>; {#2} Escallonia myrtilloides L.f.<cWF><CAP><PMP>; {#3} Escallonia pendula (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.<cWF><CAP><PAA><PFW><JAR><JBS><JTR>; {#4} Escallonia resinosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.<cWF><JHC><PTP><ECP><EBO><IAP>; {#5} Escallonia micrantha Mattf.<cWF><UNT>

Escalloniaceae

Five species, though only 3 have the name 'pacuo"

145

2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16

bot

payqu, payku<RBD>paico, payco, payko, payqo, paiku<DHL>payku<DICT>373pp<paico-paico<TP>

payqo{#2,6,8,10,13,14,16}; payqo-payqo{#7}

epazote

108, 131, 162, 265, 273, 360-362

{#1} Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants<cWF><DHL><PMT><CAP><ICC><PEC><EBO><WCC><WMC>

{#1-syn} Chenopodium ambrosioides L.<cWF><PFW><DPP><UPM><POL><PMT><PAA><PFF><PMN><MAP><PAP><CAP><PMP><DPP><JAA><JAC><JDA><JGM><JHC><JPR><JMN><JTX><CPM><PSP><CAA><AMP><UNT><WMP><DICT>479p<DICT>298p

Chenopodiaceae

Most search results using "paico"

146

2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12

bot

tuna <ALX><RBD>; (kichkaluru ?) <RBD>

penka de tuna {#2,4,8,9,11,12}; nopal{#2,3,4,9,12} <MRA>

prickly pear

990-991

{#1} Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.<cWF><PMP><EMP><PMT><MAP><RBD><PAA><PFW><PAP><DHL><DPP><JAC><JCD><JDA><JHC><JRH><JTC><CPM><EMP>

Cactaceae

147

10, 11

bot

Vs2

pinco-pinco<PMP>; pingo-pingo<CAP>; pinku-pinku

penko-penko{#10}; pinko-pinko{#11}

ephedra

804-810

{#0} Ephedra spp.; {#1} Ephedra americana Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.<cWF><CAP><PMP><RBD><PTP><EBO><PMD><UNT><WMM><PMT><ECP>; {#2} Ephedra rupestris Benth.<cWF><JMN><ECP>

Gnetaceae

Search on "penco" not "penkco" See row 84 for “cola de caballo”.

148

2, 7, 8, 11

bot

palta <ALX><RBD> paltay <RBD>

palta, pepa de{#2,7,8,11}; aguacate, semilla de{#2}<MRA>

avocado

73, 109 ,141, 200, 273

{#1} Persea americana Mill.<cWF><CAP><PMP><DHL><DPP><JAA><JAC><JDA><JHL><JRC><JSR><JTX><EEE><CPM><IAP><PMA><WCC><WCP> <RBD>

Persea gratissima <RBD>

Lauraceae

seed=2

149

4, 9, 13

bot

Vs2

peperme{#4,9,13}

menta{#13}<MRA>

mint

787-788

{#0} Colignonia sp.<cWF><PMP>; {#1} Colignonia parviflora subsp. biumbellata (Ball) J.E.Bohlin<cWF><ECP>; {#2} Colignonia scandens Benth.<cWF>

Nyctaginaceae

150

bot

Vg2

pipinu, q'achan, kachan <ALX><RBD>; pepinillo<PAA>

pepino{#8}<MRA>

{#1} cucumber; {#2} pepino dulce

{#1} Cucumis sativus L.<cWF><DPP><PMN><CAP>; {#2} Solanum muricatum Aitum<cWF><CPM><AMP><RBD><UNT><PAA>

{#1} Cucurbitaceae; {#2} Solanaceae

Perhaps species will be determined from interview context; "Pepino dulce" refers to S. muricatum. "Pepinillo" is C. sativus<PAA>; Pepinillo & pepino = C. sativus<DPP>; Pepinillo = C. sativus<PFW>; pepino dulce = "Solanum muricatum"<CAP>

151

3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

bot

qhurita <ALX><RBD>

perejil{#4,8,9,11,12,13,14}; perejil, raíz de{#3,10}<MRA>

parsley

788-791

{#1} Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss<cWF>numerous (ca25)

Umbelliferae

root = 3,10; leaves = 10

C&F

152

bot

pensamiento, flor de{#14}<MRA>

pansy

785-787

{#1} Viola tricolor L.<cWF><PAA><PMP><PFW><TMP><JTR><JTX><EMP>

Violaceae

flower = 14

Pensamiento blanco” = Lathyus odoratus L. numerous; pensamiento “p Cypella herrerae<NPM>.

153

bot

Vg3s4

pilli pilli{#11}

798-801

{#1} Werneria caespitosa Wedd.<cPL><cWF><PMP>; {#2} Hypochaeris echegarayi Hieron.<cWF><EBO><WHA>; {#3} Hypochaeris taraxacoides (Meyen & Walp.) Ball<cWF><JMM><ECP><EBO><WHA>; {#4} Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund<cWF><PEC>

{#4-syn} Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg.<cWF><PMP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

{#3} Hypochaeris chillensis (Kunth) Hieron See <PMP> p. 880 for 3 genera.

“pilli-pilli”: s.(bot) “achicoria”; “pilli-pilli”: s.(bot) diente de león
; pilli-pilli: s.(bot) especie de lobelia enana <DICT>57p

154

2, 13

bot

pimpinela{#2,13}<MRA>

801-804

{#1} Sanguisorba minor Scop.<cPL><cWF><PAA><PEC><PFW><PMP><TMM><CO1><CO2><JAR><JBS><JDA><EMP><ICC><AMP>

Rosaceae

C&F

155

bot

Vs2

pisunay <ALX><RBD>

pisonay{#13}

coral tree <RBD>

{#1} Erythrina falcata Benth.<cPL><cWF><DPP><CAP><RBD><JHM><JQP><JRH><JTR><JTX><EMP><CPM>; {#2} Erythrina edulis Micheli<cWF><PMN><CAP>

Fabaceae

156

11, 12

bot

Vs2

arata, platanu, palanta <RBD>

plátano, hojas de{#11,12}

{#0} Musa spp. {#1} Musa × paradisiaca L.<cWF><PMP><DPP><JCP><PAA><EKQ><JCD><RBD>; {#2} Musa acuminata Colla<cWF><JMY><AMP>

{#2} Musa acuminata Colla <AMP>

Musaceae

leaves = 11,12

157

bot

portay chili{#12}

Possibly a type of chili (check context of usage).

158

bot

V~?

puca qaratu? puka garatu?

puka qarato{#11}

{#0} Agave spp. ? (see notes)

“qaratu” = dried trunk of century plant<DICT>797p<DICT>57p which still has its blades “qaratu” = native tree with large leaves; “puka” = type of medicinal plant.

159

bot

qantu<PMP><RBD>; kantu, kantuta <RBD>; qantuta, qantutu, qelmu<PMP>

q’antu, flor de{#9}

flor del Inca<PMP>

836-839

{#1} Cantua buxifolia Juss ex Lam.<cPL><cWF><PMP><ECP><DICT>57p<DICT>298p<DICT>479p; {#2} (Bolivia only) Dianthus caryophyllus L.<cWF><PMT>

Cantua spp.

{#1} Polemoniaceae; {#2} Caryophyllaceae

flowers<PMP>

Search on "qantu": see medicinal notes in <RBD>.

160

bot?

chumpa<WRU-bot>

qayllo chompa{#3}

"chompa" = “chompa” “chumpa” = pullover; jumper; jacket; sweater

161

bot

V~?

qepo-qepo?; qepu-quepu?;keto-keto

q’epo-q’epo{#9}

cactus

{#0} Opuntia spp. ? (based on name quepo - see notes)

Cactaceae

Possibly a plant with spines like cactus? - Quechua dict; “quepo” (name of glochid in Quecha language); possibly prickly-pear Opuntia

162

7, 14

bot

Vs3

q’era{#7}; q'era, flor de{#14}

852-855;

{#0 Lupinus spp.; {#1} Lupinus paniculatus Desr..<cPL><cWF><PMP>; {#2} Lupinus tomentosus DC.<cWF><PMP>;{#3} Lupinus cuzcensis C.P.Sm.<cWF><PMP>

Fabaceae

flowers = 14

See p. 855 in <PMP> for other species;"q'era" is used for several species of Lupinus.

163

4, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15

bot

Vg2s2

queto queto<AMP>; keto keto<PMD>; < q'itu-q'itu <RBD>

q’eto-q’eto{#4,9,11,12,14,15}; villagra{#4,9,11,12,14,15}

77, 115, 133, 159, 162, 239, 264, 275

{#1} Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC.<cWF>; {#2} Achyrocline ramosissima Britton<cWF><EBO><JHC><PTP>;

{#1-syn} Gnaphalium spicatum Mill. <cPL><cWF><PMD><PMP><RBD><ICC><MPL><JMM><CMP><cTR>

Asteraceae

164

bot

salvia nuqchu<ECP>; ñuqchu<PTP>; ñuqch'u<DICT>298p

qhata nuqchu{#16}

63, 71, 73, 106, 140, 168, 265, 272

{#1} Salvia oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><APP><PTP>; {#2?} Salvia dombeyi Epling<cWF><PTP (llagas ñuqchu) >

Lamiaceae

See uses in <ECP>. See other common names in <APP>; “qhata” = slope of the land; See <PMP>272 for uses.

165

bot

qhewaylla{#7}

“waylla”[Q] = grreen, unripe

166

bot

qhonorana{#5}

167

bot

qhotqo{#7}

168

bot

quri?

qori wayra{#9}

"qori" translates as "gold"?; :wayra" translates as disease due to wind?; qoriwayra = golden wind

169

6, 11

bot

Vs2

qosmayllu{#6}; q’osmayllu{#11}

{#0} Solanum spp. {#1} Solanum pentlandii Dunal<cWF><JSS>; {#2} Solanum furcatum Dunal<cPW><cWF>

Solanaceae

See {#1} (“qosmayllu”) <cWF> where flowers are deep lavendar instead of light lavendar. See {#2} (“q'osmayllu”)<cPW> where color is similar but not referenced in pub database; In <JSS> S. furcatum noted that much variation in this species and may be multiple entities in the future.

170

bot

?TP

quyllu<DICT>

qoyllochompa{#16}

quality is fresh - good for inflammation, good for baths & tobring down temperature"<TP>; possibly “quyllu” refers to potato.

171

bot

khocha-khocha?. qhucha<DICT>; chuckru?<DICT>

quchu quchu(#1)

“qhuchu” or “quchu” means "close" or "pancreas"; possibly "churkru" = a hardened dried food.

172

2, 8, 11, 14

bot

quicuyo saphi<DICT>; kikuyo, kikuyu<DICT>

quikuyo saphy{#2}

grama{#8,11,14}; grama, raíz de{#2}<MRA>

kikuyu grass {introduced from East Africa)

(#1) Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov.<cWF><PQC><ECP><WKI>

Poaceae (Gramineae)

"saphi" = root; “quicuyo” = grass (introduced from east Africa); can not be eaten by camelids<ECP>.

173

bot

rabanu <RBD> <DICT>; rawanu<RBD>

rabanos{#16]

rabanito<PFW>;rábano,

radish

877-879

{#1} Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin<cWF><cPL> <CPM><PAA><PMP><PFW><CAP><JPR><ECP><ICC><EMP><RBD>

{#1-syn} Raphanus sativus L.<cWF>

Brassicaceae

See medicinal notes in <RBD>.

174

bot

raki-raki<PMP>

raqi raqi{#9}

879-883

{#1} Cheilanthes pruinata Kaulf.<cWF><cPL><PMP><ECP>; {#4} Cheilanthes incarum Maxon<cWF><ECP>; {#2} Asplenium monanthes L.<cWF><EBO>; {#3} Pteris muricata Hook.<cWF><ECP>; {#5} Polystichum orbiculatum (Desv.) J. Rémy & Fée<cWF><ECP>

{#2} Aspleniaceae; {#1,3} Pteridaceae: {#5} Dryopteridaceae

See <PMP> pp. 829-63 for other species by this name “kumu-k'umu”.

175

bot

rata-rata <RBD>; paga paga<EKQ>

rata-rata{#9}; mana yupa{#9} [see row ~139]

907-910

{#0} Desmodium spp.; {#1} Desmodium molliculum (Kunth) DC <cWF><Y-photo><see mana yupa #139> {#2?} Triumfetta acuminata unth<cWF><cIPN><N-photo><PMP><DPP><CAP><EEE>; {#3?} Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.<cWF><N-photo><EEE>; {#4?} Plumbago coerulea Kunth<cWF><PMN><CAP><N-photo>; {#5?} Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers.<cWF><EKQ><N-photo>; {#6?} Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl.<cWF><DPP><N-photo> {#7} Galium aparine L.<cWF><N-photo><ECP>; {#8} Galium weberbaueri K.Krause<cWF><N-photo><ECP>; {#9) Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb.<cWF><N-photo><ECP>

{#4-syn} Triumfetta abutiloides A.St.-Hil.<cWF><EEE>; {#8-syn} Relbunium croceum (Ruiz & Pav.) K.Schum.<cWF><ECP>; <

Fabaceae

<MRA> gave "mana yupa" as synonym - may not be correct; Note: Priva lappulacea - doesn't match photo

176

7, 10, 13, 14, 16

bot

Vg2s4

ritama <ALX><RBD>

retama; retama{#10}, flor de{#7,13,14,16}

retama <RBD>

884-887

{#1} Spartium junceum L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><PEC><PAA><POL><PMT><PFW><CAP><DHL><DPP><EKQ><JAA><JAR><JBS><JHC><JMM><JTR><JTX><GIP><CAA><ECP><PMD><APP><ICC><RBD> {#2} Senna occidentalis (L.) Link<cWF><PAA><POL>; {#3} Senna alata (L.) Roxb.<cWF><MAP><DPP>; {#4} Senna reticulata (Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby<cWF><PAP><DPP>

{#3-syn} Cassia alata L.<cWF><MAP>; {#4-syn} Cassia reticulata Willd.<cWF><PAP>

Fabaceae

flowers = 7,13,14,16

Note: Retama Serrana = Senecio sp. <POL>.

177

bot

kulis <ALX> (see row 84 kulis); ñawicha <RBD>; sitqa = mustard ?<RBD>

repollo{#5}<MRA>

cabbage <RBD><PAA><EKQ><PFW>

87, 136, 156, 236, 267

{#1} Brassica oleracea L.<cWF><cPL><PAA><EKQ><PFW><EMP><ICC><PMP><ICC>

Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

178

3, 7, 11, 14, 16

bot

rumiru <ALX><RBD>

romero{#3,7,11,14,16}<MRA>

rosemary <RBD>

891-897

{#1} Rosmarinus officinalis L.<cPL><cWF><PAA><PFW><EKQ><POL><PMT><CAP><JBS><JDA><JGM><JMM><JRH><JTR><JTX><ARE><PMP><NPM><EPM><ICC><PQC><WTA><WVP>

Lamiaceae

Cited in many books, journals & manuals

179

bot

ruki<ECP>

roq’e{#16}

[rocque<CPM>;roque<EBO>?]

898-900

(#1} Colletia spinosissima J.F.Gmel.<<cWF>cPL><CAA><APP><NPM><CPM><PTP><ECP>

Rhamnaceae spinosa Lam.

Rhamnaceae

180

2, 14

bot

rosa silvestres{#2}; rosa silvestre{#14}<MRA> rosa blanca<PMP>

900-902

{#1} Rosa centifolia L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><PFW><AMP><JDA><PAA><PTP><JBS><JTR><CAP>

Rosaceae

See also <CAP> for uses.

181

9, 13, 16

bot

ruda{#9,13,16}<MRA>

rue

902-907

{#1} Ruta graveolens L.<cWF><CPL><PMP><PAA><PMT><PFW><HSE><DHL><DPP><UPM><EKQ><POL><MAP><PFW><JAR><JBS><JDA><JGM><JMM><JRH><JRP><JTR><JTX><PTP><CPM><ARE><PSP><NPM><ECP><EMP><ICC><PQC><WVP>

Rutaceae

182

11, 12, 13, 14

bot

isabila <ALX><RBD>

sábila{#11,12,13,14}<MRA>

911-914

{#1} Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f<cWF><cPL><PMP><PMT><CAP><UPM><PAA><EKQ><POL><PMT><PFW><DPP><PP1><JMM><CPM><PSP><ICC><AMP><WCC>

Xanthorrhoeaceae

183

4, 8, 11

bot

sach’a tumati <ALX><DICT-2579>

sacha tomate{#4,8; }sach’a tomate{#11}

tomate de árbol <RBD>; tamarillo

tree tomato

{#1} Solanum betaceum Cav.<cPL><JOUR-67>

Solanaceae

184

3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12

bot

ñukch'u <ALX><RBD>; sipita, q'uwa <ALX>; puna salvia<PTP>

salvia{#3,4,5,9,10,12}<MRA>; sálvia, sálvia real?

salvia

113, 141, 160, 162, 187, 188, 234, 239, 246, 264, 274

{#0} Salvia spp.<PEC><EKQ>; {#1} Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling<cWF><cPL><PAA><PFW><PTP><JAA><JBS><JGM><JMM><JPR><JPT><JRH><JTR><PTP><NPM><ECP><WMC>; {#2} Salvia leucantha Cav.<cWF><CFP>; {#3} Salvia tubiflora Sm.<cWF><PMN><PMT><UNT>; {#4} Salvia bullulata Benth.<cWF><PMN><MPL>; {#5} Salvia revoluta Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><PMT>; {#6} Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><JHC><UNT>; {#7} Salvia officinalis L.<cWF><JMM><JPR><PTP><EMP>; {#8} Salvia oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><PSP><ECP><APP>;{#9} Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><APP><AMP>; {#10} Salvia macrophylla Benth.<cWF><AMP>; {#11} Salvia occidentalis Sw.<cWF><AMP>; {#12} Buddleja americana L.<cWF><POL>

{#1-11} Lamiaceae {#12} Scrophulariaceae

“pampa anis” = “pampa salvia” <PMP> p83, 187..

185

bot

Vg3s12

salvia blanca{#13}

{#1} Salvia cuspidata Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PFW>; {#2} Munnozia sp.<JAC><JTX>

{#1} Lamiaceae {#2} Asteraceae (Compositae)

Note that interviewee #13 listed “salvia blanca” and “salvia silvestre”.

186

7, 13

bot

salvia silvestre{#7,13}<MRA>

{#0} Salvia spp. (unspecified)

Lamiaceae

187

bot

sange{#12} (= sangre de grado?)

Listen to audio #12 to clarify name “sange”; “sankay”?=Trichocerus peruvianus.

188

bot

Vs4

lan wiqi <ALX><RBD><DICT&bot>

sangre de grado{#7}<MRA> = sangre de drago

921-923

{#0} Croton spp. {#1} Croton lechleri Müll.Arg.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PFW> <RBD><PMP><MAP><CAP><DHL><DPP><JAC><JBC><JMM><JTX><EEE><NPM><PMA><UNT>; {#2} Croton draconoides Müll.Arg.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PFW><PMP><CAP><DPP><AMP>; {#3} Croton palanostigma Klotzsch<cWF><CAP><DPP><CPM><UNT>; {#4} Croton erythrochilus Müll.Arg.<cWF><PMP><DPP>

Euphorbiaceae

latex = 7

See medicinal notes in <RBD><PMP><DPP> (and species).

189

3, 9, 14, 16

bot

Vg4s7

santa maría{#3,9,14,16}<MRA>

feverfew (based on species id and photo)

925-930

{#0} Tanacetum spp.; {#1} Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch.Bip.<cPL><PMP><POL><DPP><PMT><DPP><EBO><WVP><Y-photo>; {#2} Tanacetum balsamita L.<cWF><EMP>; {#3} Piper peltatum L.<cWF><EKQ><MAP><PAP><DPP><EEE><AMP><N-photo>; {#4} Piper umbellatum L.<cWF><CFP><N-photo>; {#5} Cestrum strigilatum Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><PAA><PFW><JAA><JRH><N-photo>; {#6} Cestrum undulatum Ruiz & Pav.(syn?)<cWF><PFW><JRH><N-photo>; {#7} Tagetes minuta L.<cWF><POL>;

{#1-syn} Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Pers.<cPL><cWF><PMT>: {#1-syn} Pyrethrum parthenium (L.) Sm.<cWF><EBO><WVP>; {#3-syn} Pothomorphe peltata (L.) Miq.<cWF><PAP>

{#1-2,7} Compositae(Asteraceae); {#3-4} Piperaceae; {#5-6} Solanaceae

190

2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16

bot

Vs2

siraka <RBD>; shiraca; zarza; zarzamora

sirak’a(#2,78,9,11,12,14,16); siraka(#3};sirak'a, frutos rojos{#5}

mora silvestre<MRA>

blackberry <RBD>

{#0} Rubus spp.; {#1} Rubus rosifolius Sm.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PMN><PFW><JAA><JAC><JAR><JBS><JCD><JPR><JTR><JTX><GIP><WMC><DICT>57pp<-photo>; {#2} Rubus roseus Poir.<cWF-ambiguos><PMN><AMP><N-photo>

{syn} Rubus robustus P.J.Müll.<cPL>

Rosaceae

red fruits = 5

See medicinal notes in <RBD> roots for diabetes<DICT-DOC>; Search "zarzamora" yields best results.

191

bot

siwinto{#12} (sahuintu - see comment)

guayabo, guayaba

guava

541-543

{#1} Psidium guajava L.<cWF><CAP><DHL><PMP>

Myrtaceae

Possibly “sawintu” <DICTbot> or “sahuintu” Possibly “guava” - see interview (diarrhea?).

192

bot

Vg2s2?

cidra{#2}, sidra{#2}<MRA> (2 different meanings)

oregano (Lippia alba) = cidra or citrón {Citrus medica)

{#1} Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britton & P.Wilson<cWF><EEE><PAP><~MAP><~CAP><~PSP><~ICC>[oregano] [cider] ; {#2} Citrus medica L.<cWF><cPL><~CAP><DPP><~PP3><JOUR>9p [citron]

{#1} Verbenaceae {#2} Rutaceae

Note: need the context from the interview See https://www.plantasparacurar.com/que-es-la-cidra/; “La sidra”, escrita con “ese”, es una bebida de baja graduación alcohólica, que se fabrica con jugo de manzana o pera. Pero “la cidra” con “C”, es un cítrico que da frutos muy parecidos a la toronja. Y Héctor Pablo, de Sonora, nos muestra los dos árboles.

https://www.diccionariodedudas.com/cidra-o-sidra/

193

bot

wallpa chaki<DICT>p479

soliman{#7}

contolla<PFW>

{#1} Lobelia decurrens Cav.<cWF><cPL><PMN><CAP><EEE><AMP><CPM><~PAA><~JTX>; {#2} Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC.<cWF><PMN><CAP>; {#3} Hura crepitans L.<cWF><EKQ>; {#4} Anemone helleborifolia DC.<cWF><DICT>298pp<DICT>479pp

{#1} Campanulaceae; {#2,4} Ranunculaceae; {#3} Euphorbiaceae

Note: Most likely Lobelia decurrens.

194

bot

tamarindo{#3}<MRA>

tamarind

{#1} Tamarindus indica L.<cWF><cPL><UPM> <PAA>< PFW><CAP><DPP><JDA><JHP><ICC>

Fabaceae

195

5, 8

bot

tumati <ALX><RBD>

tomate{#5,8}<MRA>

tomato

969-971

{#1} Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.<cWF><PAA><PMN><MAP><PFW><CAP><PMP><JAR><JSS><EMP>

{#1-syn-homotypic} Solanum lycopersicum L.<cWF><PAA><PMN><MAP><PFW><CAP><PMP><JAR><JSS>

Solanaceae

L. esculentum and S. Lycopersicon are homotypic synonyms.

196

2, 3, 9

bot

Vg2s4

t'ankar<RBD>; t'anqar<ECP>

t’ankar{#2,3,}; t'ankar, flor de{#9} (tankar)<TP>

barberry bush <RBD><WordRef>

152; 953-956

{#0} Duranta spp. {#1} Duranta triacantha Juss.<cWF><PMP>; {#2} Duranta × rupestris Hayek<cWF><PMP><~APP>; {#3} Duranta mandonii Moldenke<cWF><ECP>; {#4} Lycianthes lycioides (L.) Hassl.<cWF><PMP><NPM><ECP>

cWF>

{#1-2} Verbenaceae; {#3} Solanaceae

flowers = 9

197

10, 12, 15

bot

tayanku <ALX><RBD>; tayanka<DICT>479p<PMP>

tayanku{#10}; tayanko{#12,15} see comments

pasto miel<PFW>

960-962

{#0} Baccharis spp. {#1} Baccharis tricuneata (L.f.) Pers.<cWF><PMP>; {#2} Baccharis papillosa Rusby<cPL><PFW><RBD><~DICT>298pp;

{#2-syn} Baccharis odorata Kunth.<PFW><DICT>298pp

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Proper spelling is “tayanku” which comes up in dictionaries, also “taya”<PMP>.

198

3, 7, 10, 11, 13

bot

tara <ALX>; taya<UPM>; talla, chanchalagua<PFW>

tara{#3,11,14}; {#7}tara, hojas de; {10} tara, polvo<MRA>

956-958

{#1} Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze<cWF><cPL><UPM><PAA><PMP><PMN><PFW><CAP><DPP><JAA><JAC><JDA><JRH><JTX><PTP><CPM><CAA><PMD><APP><AMP><UNT><WMP>

{#1-syn} Caesalpinia tinctoria (Kunth) Benth.<cWF><PTP>

Fabaceae

leaves = 7; powder = 10

199

bot

V?*

tikti, tixti, teqti, ticti,tijti<DICT>s

tijti{#5}

{#1} Berberbis sp.<Y-photo>

Includes video; “tikti” = wart (Aymara) , video shows spiny plant - possibly Berberis sp. based on spiny stem and yellow wood.

200

bot

Vs9

tintin <ALX><RBD>; hulun, kururunku, luq'ust, purusi, tawsu <RBD>

tintin{#13}

granadilla<{#13}MRA

passion flower

539-541; 697-699; 987-999

{#0} Passiflora spp.; {#1} Passiflora ligularis Juss .<cWF><RBD><PMN><DPP><UNT><PAA><PFW><CAP><JAA><JDA><JMM><JTX><CPM><CAA><PQC><AMP>; {#2} Passiflora nitida Kunth>M<cPL>:<PAA><DPP><PMP><WCC>; {#3} Passiflora coccinea Aubl.<cPL><PMP><CAP><EEE>; (#4} Passiflora pinnatistipula Cav.<cPL><PMP><PTP>; {#5} Passiflora laurifolia L.<cWF><DPP><CAP>; {#6} Passiflora tripartita (Juss.) Poir.<cWF><UNT>; {#7} Passiflora mixta L.f.<cWF><ECP>; {#8} Passiflora edulis Sims<cWF><DPP>; {#9} Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H.Bailey<cWF><PMN>

{#9-syn} Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Nielsen & P. Jorgensen<cWF>

Passifloraceae

fruit or leaves?

See <DPP> for species distribution by 24 departments.

201

bot

Vs3

mapachu, tawaku <RBD>; qamasayri<RBD><DICT>bot

tobaco silvestre{#11}<MRA>

wild tobacco <JHM>

948-950;

{#0} Nicotiana spp;. (#1} Nicotiana rustica L.<cWF><cPL><PMP>p948<CAP><PFW>; {#2} Nicotiana tabacum L.<cWF><PAA><PFW><CAP>; {#3} Nicotiana undulata Ruiz & Pav.cWF><ECP>

{#2} Nicotiana tabacum L. (#3} Nicotiana glauca Graham

Solanaceae

N. rustica was first tobacco cultivated and remains primary tobacco cultivated<PMP>p949.

202

8, 12, 14

bot

toqnay{#8}; tojnay{#14,photo}; nojay{#12}

lantana

639-642

{#1} Lantana camara L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><DPP><EEE><CAA><UNT><CAP><DHL>

Verbenaceae

Photo labeled as "tojnay" ID based on photo; search also on "tucnai".

203

bot

toronjil{#15}<MRA>

976-978

{#1} Melissa officinalis L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><PAA><UPM><PEC><EKQ><PMT><CAP><DHL><CO1><CO2><JDA><JGM><JHP><JTX><PTP><NPM><ECP><EMP><ICC>

Lamiaceae

204

8, 14

bot

Vg2s2

riwu <ALX>; triw <RBD>

trigo{#8,#14}<MRA>

wheat

983-985

{#1} Triticum aestivum L.<cWF><cPL><PAA><PMP><CAP><PFW><EMP><ECP><ARC><JRH><JAA>; {#2} Coix lacryma-jobi L.<cWF><DPP>

Poaceae (Gramineae)

205

7, 10, 12, 13

bot

pukpu q'ello; k'oto t'ika<PMP>

tullma{#7,10,12,13}

820-821, 986-987

{#1} Gomphrena meyeniana Walp.<cWF><cPL><PMP>; {#2} Tristerix peruvianus (Pacz.) Kuijt<cWF><JPT>; {#3} Gnaphalium sp.<cWF><ERC>

{#1} Amaranthaceae; {#2} Loranthaceae

Probably Gomphrna meyeriana - see PMP - most likely

206

13, 14

bot

Vs5

tumbo silvestre{#13,14}<MRA>

987-989

{#0} Passiflora spp.; {#1} Passiflora quadrangularis L.<cWF><PAA><PFW><CAP><PAA><JRH><AMP><WCC>; {#2} Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H.Bailey<cWF><cPL><PMP><EKQ><PMN><UNT><JPT>; {#3} Passiflora ligularis Juss.<cWF><DPP><CPM><UNT>; {#4} Passiflora tripartita (Juss.) Poir.<cWF><DPP>; {#5} Passiflora gracilens (A. Gray) Harms<cWF><CAA> Passiflora tarminiana <RBD>

Passiflora mollissima = purus <RBD>

Passifloraceae

207

bot

tucnai<PMP>

tuqnay{#11}

641

{#1} Lantana camara L.<cWF><cPL><DHL><PMP><CAP>

Verbenaceae

See “toqnay”

208

bot

Vg2s+*

uchu <ALX>

uchu uchu{#7}

chili pepper?<PAA>

85, 132, 405-408

{#0} Capsicum spp.<Y-hot><DICT>57pp<DICT>298pp; {#1} Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav<cWF><PMN><CAP*><DHL*>.; {#2} Capsicum baccatum Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.<cWF><PMT*><CAP*>; {#3} Capsicum annuum L.<cWF><CAP*><Y-hot>; {#4} Calendula officinalis L.<cWF><PMP><PMT*><EBO*>

{#0-3}Solanaceae; {#4} Asteraceae (Compositae)\

“uchu” = Capsicum<DICT>Cusco. Capsicum can't be ruled out - consult interview; See page 51-55 of <PAA> Note: "uchu uchu" may have different meaning than "uchu". "Uchu" generally means aji pepper, is "uchu uchu" meaning very hot pepper - picante?

See <DHL> page 157 regarding Capsicum nomenclature.

209

5, 11

bot

Vg2s5+

mullupu waska <ALX>

uña de gato{#5,11}<MRA>

cat’s claw

{#0} Uncaria spp.; {#1} Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC.<cWF><PAA><MAP><PFW><CO2><DPP><JAA><JAR><JBC><JCD><JHU><JMM><JPR><JRP><JRS><PSP><PMD><ICD><PMA><AMP><WCC><WMP>; {#2} Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J.F.Gmel.<cWF><cPL><PAA><DPP><MAP><PFW><CO1><DPP><JBC><JHP><JHU><JRS><PMA><WCC><WMP>; {#3} Mimosa nothacacia Barneby<cWF><JCD><JRH><JRS>; {#4} Mimosa acantholoba (Willd.) Poir.<cWF><POL>; {#5} Mimosa albida Willd.<cWF><PQC>; {#6} Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg.<cWF><PMN><DPP>;

{#2} Musa acuminata Colla <AMP>

(#1,2}Rubiaceae; {#3,4,5} Fabaceae; {#6} Rutaceae

See<JOUR&><WEB&><THESIS><WEB>.

210

2, 9

bot

Vs8+g7

valeriana{#2,9}<MRA>

766-767

{#0} Valeriana spp.<UPM><PEC><POL><PFW><CAP><JAC><JBS><JEP><JDA><JHU><JPT><JTX><PSP>; {#1} Valeriana microphylla Kunth<cWF><cPL><PAA><POL>; (#2} Valeriana plantaginea Kunth<cWF><cPL><PAA><POL><JAC><JBS>; {#3} Valeriana decussata Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><POL><CAP><ECP>; {#4} Valeriana convallarioides (Schmale) B.B. Larsen<cWF><POL>; {#5} Valeriana pilosa Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><JRP><JVP><WMC>; {#6} Valeriana officinalis L.<cWF><PTP><EMP><ICC>; {#7} Valeriana pinnatifida Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><UNT>; {#8} Valeriana edulis subsp. procera (Kunth) F.G. Mey.<WVP>; {#9} Astrephia chaerophylloides (Sm.) DC.<cWF><PMN>; {#10} Belonanthus hispida (Wedd.)<cWF><cPL><PAA>; {#11} Phyllactis rigida (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.<cWF><PAA><PFW><JRH><JTR><JTX>; {#12} Loricaria thyrsoidea (Cuatrec.) M.O.Dillon & Sagást.<cWF><POL>; {#13} Geranium humboldtii Spreng.<cWF><POL>; {#14} Geum peruvianum Focke<cWF><PFW><JDA><JGM>; {#15} Perezia pinnatifida (Humb. & Bonpl.) Wedd.<cWF><JPT><JQP>;

{#10-syn} Valeriana niphobia Briq.<cWF><PAA>; {#11-syn} Valeriana rigida Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><PAA><JTR>

{#1-11 Caprifoliaceae; {#12,15} Asteraceae (Compositae); {#13} Geraniaceae; {#14} Rosaceae

C<Valeniana>

qhuchu or quchu means "close" or "pancreas"; possibly "churkru" = a hardened dried food

211

2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16

bot

Vs5

virwina<PMP>; wirbina <ALX>; wayruru

verbena{#2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,15,16}<MRA>; berbena

verbena

1006-1011; 1011-1012; 1013-1014; 1052-1054

{#0} Verbena spp.<NPM>; {#1} Verbena litoralis Kunth<cWF><PMP><UPM><PEC><PAA><EKQ><PMN><MAP<PFW><PAP><CAP><DPP><JAA><JAC><JDA><JGM><JHC><JMF><JPR><JPT><JQP><JTX><PSP><PQC><MPL><AMP><WHA><Y-photo>; {#2} Verbena officinalis L.<cWF><UPM><MAP><DPP><JDA><EMP><WCC>; {#3} Verbena cuneifolia Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><PMP><CAP?>; {#4} Verbena hispida Ruiz & Payv.<cWF><JPT><EEE><ECP>; {#5} Verbena parvula Hayek<cWF><PMP>

Verbenaceae

Note: Photo probabably Verbena litoralis since found in wild, not cultivated.

212

13, 15, 16

bot

Vs2g3

violeta{#13,15}; violeta, flor de{#16}<MRA}

1016-1017

{#0} Viola spp.<JTX>; {#1} Viola odorata L.<cPL><cWF><PMP><DPP><JMM><EMP>; {#2} Viola arguta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.<cWF><PMN>

Violaceae

flowers<PMP>

213

3, 7, 12

bot

V?*

wache?, huache?, huaje?,aguaje?,ahuashi?<JHM>

wage{#3,7}; waje{#12}

{#1} Mauritia flexuosa L.f.<cWF><Y-"aguage"><DPP><WUP><WPT><AMP>

Arecaceae

See <DPP> for other possibilities. “aguaje” used for "tos" Spelling by Mariieta may be incorrect. See similar words on page 442 of <DHL>

214

7, 13, 15, 16

bot

Vs4*

wakatay (huacatay) <ALX>; ; huacatayo <RBD>

wakatay{#16}; chijchipa{#13,15}, chiqchipa{16}

wakatay molido{#7}<MRA>

African marigold

1023-1025

{#0} Tagetes spp.; {#1} Tagetes minuta L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><UNT><DHL><JHC><RBD><Y-photo = chijchipa>; {#2} Tagetes multiflora Kunth<cWF><PMP><NPM><PTP><ECP><Y-chiqchipa - NPM,PTP,ECP>; {#3} Tagetes ternifolia Kunth<cWF><ECP>; {#4} Tagetes mandonii Sch.Bip. ex Klatt<cWF><CAP><Y-chijchipa>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

“molido” = ground or powdered

215

3, 7, 16

bot

Vs4g3*

wamanripa <RBD>; huaman ripa<DICT>797p

waman ripa{#3}; wamanripa{#7,16}

1035-1037

{#0} Senecio spp.; {#1} Senecio tephrosioides Turcz.<cWF><cPL><PMP><PEC><PMN><JAC><RBD><JRP><PMD><MPL>; {#2} Senecio calvus Cuatrec.<cWF><JHC>; {3} Senecio timidus Cuatrec.<cWF>JQP>; {#4} Oritrophium peruvianum (Lam.) Cuatrec.<cWF><PFW><JAA><JPR><JTR><Y-huamanripa*>; {#5} Laccopetalum giganteum (Wedd.) Ulbr.<cWF><JAR><JBS><JRH>

{#1,2,3,4} Comopositae(Asteraceae) {#5} Ranunculaceae

Note: far more search results with "huamantipa".

216

bot

Vg2s3

wallwa <ALX<RBD>; hual-huas<ALX>huallwa?<JHM>

wallwa{#16}

1030-1034

{#1} Psoralea glandulosa L.<cWF><cPL><PMP>; {#2} Psoralea mexicana (L.f.) Vail<cPL><PMP><RBD>; {#3} Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes<cWF><JPT><ECP>

{#3-syn} Psoralea pubescens Poir<cWF><ECP><RBD>

Fabaceae

“wallwa blanca” = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

217

5, 7, 10

bot

Vs2

wallwa ? (see wallwa) or wawillay<PMP>?

waullay{#5,7,10} s/b: "wawillay"<PMP>

1040

{#0} Calceolaria spp. {#1} Calceolaria sparsiflora Kunze<cWF><cPL><PMP>; {#2} Calceolaria engleriana Kraenzl.<cWF><JPT>;

Calceolariaceae

Compare interviewee uses of “wallwa”.

218

5, 12

bot

waraqo, waraqu <RBD>

waraqo{#5}; waraq’o{#12}

1039-1040

{#1} Austrocylindropuntia floccosa (Salm-Dyck ex Winterfeld) F.Ritter<cWF><cPL><PMP><NPM>

{#1-syn} Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck<cWF><NPM>

Cactaceae

219

bot

warpha{#10}

220

bot

wejontoy{#12} s/b "huejontoy" ?

References on web to "el huejontoy is a plant", possibly a species of orchid.

221

bot

wishkataya{#14} "wisqa taya" ? "wisqa hacha" ?

Both words, "wisqa" and "taya" refer to different plants.

222

11, 12

bot

winu

vino vino{#11,12}

{#1} Aristeguietia discolor (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob.<cWF><APP><WHA><~WMP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

223

2, 12

bot

lakwas <RBD>

yakon[#2,12]; yacón{syn - qv}; llacón{syn-qv}

{#1} Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H.Rob.<cWF><cPL><PAA><EKQ><PMN><PFW><JBC><JGM><JHC><JRP><PMA><AMP><UNT><CAP-qv><AMP><Y-photo>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

224

1, 9, 11, 12

bot

Vg2s4

llareta<CPM>

yareta{#1,9,11,12}

{#0} Azorella spp.; {#1} Azorella multifida (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.<cWF><cPL><PMN><PMP><PMT><CPM>; {#2} Azorella lycopodioides Gaudich.<cWF><PMT>; {#3} Azorella compacta Phil.<cWF><ERC><PTP>; {#4} Aretiastrum aschersonianum Graebn<cWF><PMP>

{#2} Azorella diapensioides A.Gray<cPL><PMP>; {#3} Azorella crenata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.<cPL><PMP>

{#1,2} Apiaceae {#3} Caprifoliaceae

T{#1,2,3}, C{#4}

225

2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

bot

Vs3g2

yawar ch'unqa <ALX><RBD>; yahuar<CAP>

yawar ch’onqa;{#4,6,7,8,9,1011,12,13,14,15,16}; yawar chonqa{#2}; puna yawar ch'onqa{#5}

chupa sangre{syn}{#11,12}<MRA>; yahuarchuncca<PTP>

red primrose<RBD>; high altitude yawar ch'onqa<JHM>; hierba del dominio<PAA><PFW><JOUR>50p

126, 145, 146, 160, 184, 200, 206. 212, 240, 264, 278

{#0} Oenothera spp.; {#1} Oenothera rosea L'Hér. ex Aiton<cPL><cWF><PMP><PAA><PTP><CPM><JPT><ECP><PMA><WMP><CPM><JGM><JPT><CAP><PMN><Y-photo>; {#2} Oenothera multicaulis Ruiz & Pav.<cWF><cPL><cWF><PMP><EBO><ECP>; {#3} Oenothera scabra K. Krause<cPL><cWF><PMP>

Onagraceae

flowers=9

O. rosea is the principal species used.

“yawar” = "blood", ch'unqa = "suck'; The name is given to plants used to treat wounds - may involve other species not listed on this spreadsheet<ECP>.

226

bot

yuka <ALX><RBD>

yuca, hojas de{#12}<MRA>

manioc <RBD>

1065-1067

{#1} Manihot esculenta Crantz<cPL><PMP><CFP><PAA><CFP><EKQ><MAP><PFW><PAP><DPP><JRH><EEE><AMP><WCC>

{#1-syn} Manihot dulcis (J.F. Gmel.) Pax<cWF>

Euphorbiaceae

leaves = 12

There are 6 species of Manihot cultivated in Peru. P. esculenta is common.

227

bot

Vs5

yuyu<RBD>; hat'aqo<PMP>

yuyo{#13}<MRA>; nabo <RBD>

554-556

{#0} Amaranthus spp.; {#1} Amaranthus hybridus L.<cWF><cPL><PMP><PAA><PFW><JAA>; {#2} Amaranthus dubius Mart. ex Thell.<cWF><cPL><DPP><PP3>; {#3} Amaranthus spinosus L.<cPL><DPP><AMP>; {#4} Amaranthus cruentus L.<cWF><DPP>; {#5} Amaranthus deflexus L.<cWF><JHC>

Plantaginaceae

C,F

228

4, 16

bot

Vs4*

sapallu <ALX><RBD>

zapallo{#4}; zapallo, tronco de{#16}<MRA>

type of squash

1070-1072

{#0} Cucrubita spp.; {#1} Cucurbita maxima Duchesne<cWF><PAA><PMN><PMT><PFW><CAP><PMP><DPP><JDA><JRH><CPM>; {#2} Cucurbita moschata Duchesne<cWF><cPL><PAA><EKQ><RBD><PFW><PMP><MAP><CAP><JRH><WCC>; {#3} Cucurbita pepo L.<cWF><PMN><PFW><CAP>; {#4} Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché<cWF><CAP>

{#2} Cucurbita maxima Duchesne<cPL><PAA><PFW><PMP><DPP><CPM>

Cucurbitaceae

pumpkin stem = 16

<PMP> indicates Cucurbita maxima.

229

5, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13

bot

Vs2

racacha<DPP>;raqacha <ALX><RBD> (Andean carrot or carrot?)

rakacha{#9}<asked Theo>

zanahoria{#5,8,11,12,13}<MRA>; zanahoria hojas{#13}<MRA>

Andean carrot or Andean parsnip

1068-1070

{#0} Daucus spp.; {#1} Daucus carota L.<cWF><PMP><CAP><EKQ>; {#2} Daucus montanus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult.<cWF><PFW><PAA>;

{#2} Daucus carota L.<PMP><NPM><CPM><JORN-7><ARE><CAP><EMP>; {#3}Daucus montanus H. and
B. ex Spreng<PFW>

Apiaceae

juice = 11; leaves = 13

See https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/arracacha/ (carrot or Andean carrot?)

anim

Vs2

k'ita quwi <RBD>

qowi

cuy, grasa de{#2}<WRA>

guinea pig

{#1} Cavia porcellus L.<cIT><JHC>{domesticated Peruvian guinea pig}; {#2} Cavia tschudii Fitzinger<cIT><DICT>479pp.<DICT>298pp.{montane guinea pig};

{#1-syn} Cavia cobaya <EKQ><RBD>i

Caviidae

fat (grasa) = 2

Fat is considered to be hot<JHC>. See <ECP> also.

Used as diagnostic instruments<JBS>

2, 9, 12, 13, 16

anim

atallpa <RBD>; wallpa (s/b hualpa); huallpa untu (grasa de gallina)<PMT>

wallpa (correctly written as "huallpa")

gallina, infundia de{#2,9,12,13,16}<MRA>

hen

{#1} Gallus gallus domesticus L.

Phasianidae

Infusion = 2,9

2, 3, 16

anim

pichi wira{#3,16}; pichi wira ó untu{#2}

llama, ceva de{#3}; llama ,cebo de{16}<MRA>

llama fat (sebo de llama) see comments by <TP>

{#} Lama glama L.<cIT>

"Yes the llama fat is used here is (used) for ritual to the Earth and fat means strength , force, and inner vitality. Some of the healers here make creams with llama fat to heal and reinforce broken bones"<TP>

11, 12, 16

anim

ruru yuraq ? <JHM>

huevo, clara de{#11,12,16}<MRA>

egg white

{#1} Gallus gallus domesticus L.{egg white of}

4, 8

anim

yaku ispa <RBD>

orines{#4,8}<MRA>

urine<WDR>

anim

qhari waka<RBD>(=bull)

toro, miembro de{#16}<MRA> (miembro del toro)

bull penis{#16}

anim

añas <GLO> añas uqu ? <JHM><GLO>

fat of hog-nosed skunk (striped skunk)<TURING>

{#0} Conepatus spp.<NPM><~CAA>; {#1} Conepatus chinga{hog-nosed skunk} <JHN><PMT><PMP>; {#2} Conepatus semistriatus{striped hog-nosed skunk}<JHN>

Mephitidae

See http://www.scielo.org.pe/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1726-22162018000200008; See <JHN> See hos-nosed skunks used for medicine

anim

awkis<RBD><DICT&>

auquis{#8}

ancient ones

plant, animal, non-med?

2, 3, 11

chem

waqtu <RBD>

alcohol{#2,3,11}<MRA>

alcohol

alchohol<UPM>

chem

agua florida{#3}

Agua Florida<PAA><UPM><POL><PFW><JBS><JTR>

Used as an ingredient in many medicinal preparations. See: https://www.amazon.com/Genuine-Peruvian-Agua-Florida-270/dp/B00ATMNGK0 See also: The base ingredient is alcohol with the addition of dissolved essential oils. Historically lavender was the main fragrance but agua de Florida now contains bergamot, neroli, lemon, cloves, cinnamon, rose and orange flower.

Search Google.

chem

agua exigenada{#4}

hydrogen peroxide<DHL>

Used to make extracts<DHL>.

chem

cañazo{#16}<MRA> {Cañazo = Yonque}<PFW><PAA><~JAR><~JBS><JMF><JPR><~JTR><PTP>

sugarcane alcohol<PAA>

cañazo = raw sigar cane alcohol?

chem

uchpa <RBD>

ushpha{#12}

ceniza{#12}

ash, ashes, wood ash, ash from other plants or other sources

{#0} ceniza<CFP><PAA><MAP><~PFW> {#1} ceniza de algodón<CFP><CAP> {#2} ceniza de las hojas<PMN><CAP> {#3} ceniza de los tallos<PMN><PMP> {#4} ceniza de las fibras<PMN> {#5} cenize de las flores<PMN> {#6} ceniza del botón floral<PMN> {#7} ceniza de las semillas<PMN> {#8} ceniza de la planta<PMT> {#9} ceniza de la fruta {#10} ceniza de la corteza<PAP>

chem

collpa<TURENG>

kachina q’ollpa{#16}; kachina qollpa

mineral composed of aluminum sulfate and iron protoxide

Definition: “collpa” = salty; Definition: “qollpa” = “halotriquita” (sulfato de alúmina y protóxido de fierro)<JMT>

11, 13

chem

kachi <RBD><GLO>

sal{#11,13}

salt

chem

sai de ganado{#15}

cattle salt

chem

timolina{#3}<MRA> (aka thimolina) <PAA><POL><PFW><JAR><JBS><JMF><JTR>

See comments

Used topically to lower fever; se utiliza sobre todo para bajar la temperatura en forma de compresas aplicadas en la frente o el abdomen.

https://boticabristol.com/tienda/uncategorized/timolina/ <PAA><POL><PFW><JOUR&><See downloaded DOC>

<JRU> “timolina” (a disinfectant made from essence of thyme), “agua florida”, and alcohol, depending on the illness. The leaves are kept in an infusion and then tied with a bandage to the affected part of the body.”

condition

tuta wayra{#9}

evening wind

See comments

“tuta wayra”, = viento nocturno que tiene propiedades maléficas<PT>.

condition

uti onkoy?

utionqoy{#2}

tos compulsiva{#2}<MRA>

compulsive cough<WDR>

See comments

Condition “compulsive cough” based on <MRA>.

condition

polio{#7}

2, 12

food

borra de chicha{#2,12}<MRA>; borra de la chica, borra a la chica

dregs of chicha (fermented Peuvian drink <JOUR>

See comments in <JPC> and <PMP>

“Chicha”. Bebida alcohólica que resulta de la fermentación del maíz, quinua u otros productos<DOCSLIDE>181p.; la chicha lightly fermented chicapaypa /čika-pa-y-pa/ adv.t. Ch.n. punch made from corn, rice, apples <DICT>797p. See also <MANUAL>212p re molle See also <NPM>. Dregs of drink like coffee grounds<WDR>.

food

chukulati, kakaw <RBD>

chocolate{#2}<MRA>

chocolate

85, 152, 398-400

{#1} Theobroma cacao L. <cWF><PAP><PMP>

Malvaceae

See medicinal notes in <RBD>.

7, 10

food

ruru <RBD>

huevo(s){##7,10}<MRA>

egg

food

misk'i ? <RBD>

azucar{#11}<MRA>

sugar

food

chiwa lichi ? <RBD>

leche de cabra{#10}<MRA>

goat’s milk

See comments

<UPM> ingredient in preparation

food

chuchu <RBD>

leche materna{#4}<MRA>

mother’s milk

See uses in <CFP><PAA><PMN><PFW><PAP><PMP><DPP> <PTP><PSP><PQC> <EMP><ICC>.

food

azucarillo{#7}

azucarillo

sugar, lump of sugar, sugar cube

6, 8, 11

food

misk'i, (wayrunqu misk'i) <RBD>

miel{#6,8,11}<MRA>

honey, (bee’s honey)

See comments

Many references for uses found in DocFetcher software.

11, 12

bot

winu

vino vino{#11,12}

{#1} Aristeguietia discolor (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob.<cWF><APP><WHA><~WMP>

Asteraceae (Compositae)

food

q'aspa (wheat bread) <RBD>

pan{#11}<MRA>

bread (type not specified)

food

panetela{#11}

panetela

broth made with toasted rice, carrot, cinnamon, and sugar, to help with digestive problems<TURING>; see video

See comments

“Panetela” is not a name of a plant. It is a way to prepare rice - a soft diet with corn or potato powder when one has a loose stomach or diarrhea - there must be aplant to make or ingest with it in that way.<TP>.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6ydgBfubnc; See also Google results for recipes and uses.

process

jatuchiq jampiy{#7}

jampiy = to cure, give medicine; jatuchaq = large quantity <DICT>

To give a large quantity of medicine to cure. See interview for context.

cTR

Taxonomic name confirmed in Tropicos ( https://www.tropicos.org/ )

cTL

Taxonomic name confirmed in Tropical Lichens ( www.tropicallichens.ne )

cPW

Taxonomic name confirmed in Plants of the World Online ( http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/ )

Theo Paredes

TURENG

https://tureng.com/en/spanish-english

<...nd>

Species not determined in source, for example <PMP-nd>

PEC

https://www.peruecologico.com.pe/opciones.html & https://www.peruecologico.com.pe/medicinales_gal.htm (usefull for other common names)

KEY

VERIFICATION KEY

Verified

Verified, but see note in comments column, especially regarding common name

Vs2

Verified - 2 species in same genus

Vs3

Verified - 3 species in same genus

Vs2g2

Verified - 2 species in same genus, plus 2 other genera

Verification presumptive as to genus

Unidentified

?TP

Unidentified but clue from Theo Paredes

N-photo

Photo doesn't match photo taken on site

Y-photo

Photo matches photo taken on site

See reference to this word followed by "qv" or "quod vide" which means "on this matter go see"